heart questions

Question 1

What does an st elevation in

1. Lead V1-2
2. Lead V3-4
3. Lead V5-V6
4. lead V1-6
5. 2,3,aVF

Describe the area affected and the exact vessel supplied by this territory

Answer 1

1. Lead V1-2 - anterior- LCA- diagonal branch of LAD
2. Lead V3-4 - Septal - LCA septal of LAD
3. Lead V5-V6 - lateral - LCA- left circumflex artery
4. lead V1-6- anterolateral - left main stem disease
5. 2,3,aVF - inferior - RCA

Question 2

What do these individual JVP’s indicate and in what condition are they present?

1. a wave -

c wave –

x descent –

v wave –

y descent –

raised JVP normal

absent a waves

Large v waves

cannon A waves

Large a waves

Answer 2

The JVP - provides inforamtion on right atrial pressures and filling.

1. a wave – representing atrial systole
2. c wave – representing closure of the tricuspid valve ( not usually visible);
3. x descent – representing a fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole;
4. v wave – representing atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve;
5. y descent – representing the opening of the tricuspid valve.
6. absent a waves - to dysfunctional atrial systole (AF)
7. normal raised JVP - fluid overload and right heart failure.
8. Large v waves- tricuspid regurgitation
9. Cannon ‘a waves’ - complete heart block, single chamber ventricular pacing, ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular ectopics.
10. Large ‘a waves’- pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary stenosis.