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HA > Heart & Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

Heart & Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular consist of

A

Heart (muscular pump)
Blood vessels (tubes = arteries and veins)

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2
Q

Precordium

A

Area on anterior chest overlaying the mediastinum (heart & great vessels)

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3
Q

Heart => base? Apex?

A

Base: on top of the heart
Apex narrow bottom portion of the heart/point of heart

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4
Q

Position of heart?

A

2nd ICS- 5th ICS
Right sternal border to the left midclavicular line
Right side (heart) = Anterior
Left side (heart) = posterior
Right ventricles = behind sternum & anterior cardiac surface
Left ventricles (pump blood out) = posterior & at apex of heart

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5
Q

Layers of heart 3

A

Pericardium (sac filled with fluid)
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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6
Q

Pericardium

A

Tough fibrous double wall sac, filled with pericardial fluid that decreases friction

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of heart and innermost layer pericardium

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8
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular wall, responsible for pumping

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9
Q

Endocardium

A

This layer of epithelial tissue that lines inner surface of heart & forms valves

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10
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Fluid build up = pericardial sac become inflamed & squeeze the heart & hear a granting rub
Med emergency, shock

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11
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium (layer around heart & sac membrane)
Hear a rub as symptom

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12
Q

Endocarditis

A

Infection of the inner lining
Risk Factor = infection in blood (septicemia), use of contaminated needle, IV drug abuse, oral hygiene, artificial devices

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13
Q

Septum

A

Impermeable wall that separate the right & left sides of heart

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14
Q

Blood flow = Heat?

A

RA => Tricuspid valve => RV => Pulmonic valve => Lungs
LA => Mitral valve => LV => Aortic valve => aorta => body

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15
Q

Anatomy of pumps => Right vs Left

A

Right => pulmonary circulation
Left => systemic circulation

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16
Q

Importance of Valves

A

Keep the blood going in one direction = prevent back flow
When the valves become damaged = back flow
Associated to turbulence & called murmur cuz it can damage the heart & cardio system

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17
Q

Epitrochlear node location?

A

Elbow

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18
Q

What does Lymphatic do? /purpose

A

Lymph nodes => filter fluids (fluids & plasma protein =leak out) before returning to the blood stream
Part of the immune system function

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19
Q

What happens do lymph nodes during infection?

A

Nodes will be SWOLLEN/ enlarged/ tender downstream from infection

20
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Separate ventricles
Pulmonic valve = RV & PA (pulmonary artery)
Aortic valve = LV & Aorta

21
Q

Atrioventricular Valves

A

Tricuspid = separates RA from RV
Mitral/ bicuspid = separates LA from LV

22
Q

No valves between

A

RA & Vena cava
LA & pulmonary veins

23
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles relaxed & blood flows into them
AV valves open
Pressure in atria higher than ventricles/blood pours into ventricles (early dia)

24
Q

Presystole (atrial kick)

A

Atria contract to push last amount of blood into ventricles
Atrial kick = happens at the end of this cycle (atria contract & push left over blood)

25
Q

Systole

A

Ventricular pressure higher than atrial
Closure of AV valves (tricuspid & mitral)

26
Q

S1

A

Lub & mitral & tricuspid close => loudest at Apex of heart

27
Q

S2

A

Dub => heard at Aortic & Pulmonic => Base of heart

28
Q

S3

A

S3 => happens after S2 => Kentucky => heard when Wet (extra fluid, excess IV solution, fluid overload, pregnant, HF, CHF)
Come at the END

29
Q

S4

A

Occurs before S1
Caused by rigid heart =>heart is inflexible
S4 =>S1 => S2 => S3

30
Q

Pressure in the Right side of heart is

A

Lower than Left side
R less than L

31
Q

Events occur __________ on Right side of heart

A

Slower => due to depolarization

32
Q

Valves on Right side of heart_______

A

Close LATER than on the Left

33
Q

Right side of heart____

A

Pressure Lower & Slower & R valves close later

34
Q

Impulses start at

A

SA node
Sinoatrial node
Sinus node

35
Q

Pacemaker of heart

A

SA node/Sinoatrial

36
Q

Automaticity

A

Unique ability of cardiac tissue to contract by itself in response to electrical concurrent, auto response of heart

37
Q

P QRS T

A

P => depolarization of Atria
QRS => depolarization of Ventricles
T => repolarization of Ventricles
A => V => V
D => D => R

38
Q

Preload

A

Stretch (diastole) applied to ventricles
Volume of blood received by heart

39
Q

After load

A

After load (squeeze) => resistance
The resistance the heart must overcome to eject/pump blood to body

40
Q

Carotid artery

A

Carotid artery located between the trachea & sternocleidomastoid
Pulse coincides (يتزامن) with ventricular systole S1
Pressure on it can stimulate PNS => slow HR
Check one side only cuz May impact blood supply to brain

41
Q

Jugular venous pulse

A

Blood coming from brain neck empty in superior vena cava
Jugular vine reflects =>activity on Right heart side
Jugular vines =>blood is blocked => cuz of edema/fluid overload => j vein widen & expands
Laying down flat (see it normal) / sitting up & distended (obvious => fluid overload)

42
Q

Development issue Elderly

A

Systolic pressure (top#) go up/raise
Diastolic pressure (bottom#) go down
Widening (high) pulse pressure

43
Q

Arterial insufficiency = Chronic

A

Chronic = gradual narrowing of vessels
1= Intermittent Claudication
2= Cool Pale Shiny skin
3= Decreased hair growth
4= Sores on the end of Toes, necrotic toes

44
Q

Arterial insufficiency = Acute

A

Acute = Lost the ability to have circulation
1 = Throbbing pain
2 = Sudden onset
3 = 4 P = Pain Pallor Pulselessness Paresthesia Cool (legs, hands)

45
Q

Veins = Chronic insufficiency

A

1 = Aching, dull, tired leg cuz of standing
2 = Edema +1 +4
3 = Varicosities
4 = Weeping Ulcers
5 = Brown / Hemosiderin discoloration
6 = Venous hum = turbulence sound

46
Q

Veins = Acute insufficiency

A

DVT
1 = Warm Red Swollen
2 = Pain with Dorsiflexion = Homan’s sign
3 = Sudden onset
4 = Unilateral = one side

HA (3 decks)

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