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NURS 4000 > Heart Patho > Flashcards

Heart Patho Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the tricuspid (AV) valve located?

A

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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2
Q

Where is the bicuspid (AV) valve located?

A

Between left atrium and the left ventricle

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3
Q

When blood is ejected from the left ventricle, what valve does it pass through?

A

Aortic (semi-lunar)

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4
Q

When blood is ejected from the right ventricle, what valve does it pass through?

A

Pulmonary (semi-lunar)

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5
Q

When does the heart get perfused, during systole or diastole?

A

Diastole = b/c the force of systole opens the aortic valve but during diastole the aortic valve closes and there is some backflow of blood that fills the coronary arteries

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6
Q

When does atrial systole occur?

A

During ventricular diastole

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7
Q

What is the correct flow of conduction through the heart?

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. Bundle of HIS
  4. Right and left bundle branches
  5. Terminal Purkinje fibres
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8
Q

How many types of pacemaker cells are there?

A
  1. SA node (60-100 bpm)
  2. AV node (40-60 bpm)
  3. Specialized ventricular pacemaker cells (20-30 bpm)
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9
Q

What has to be stimulated in order for the ventricles to contract?

A

Terminal Purkinje Fibres

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10
Q

What is the formula for cardiac output?

A

CO = HR x SV

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11
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood that is ejected from the heart with each beat
SV = EDV - ESV

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12
Q

What are the three things that affect stroke volume?

A
  1. Preload
  2. Afterload
  3. Contractility
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13
Q

What is preload?

A

Amount of stretch that the ventricles have

- when the heart is filling with blood

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14
Q

What happens to CO when preload increases?

A

As preload increases, stroke volume increases = cardiac output increases

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15
Q

What is afterload?

A

Pressure in the arteries above the semilunar valves

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16
Q

What happens to CO if afterload increases?

A

As afterload increases, stroke volume decreases = cardiac output decreases

17
Q

What is the Frank-Starling Law?

A

The greater the amount of stretch in he heart, the greater the force of contractility

18
Q

Define ejection fraction

A

Percentage of blood that is ejected from the heart during each contraction

19
Q

How is EF calculated?

A

Stroke volume divided by end diastolic volume

20
Q

What is important about the SA node?

A

Initiates the electrical impulses for cardiac contraction

21
Q

What does S1 signify?

A

Closure of AV valves

- beginning of systole

22
Q

What does S2 signify?

A

Closure of SL valves

- End of systole

23
Q

Where can you best hear S1?

A

Near the apex of the heart

  • tricuspid = right side
  • bicuspid = left side
24
Q

Where can you best hear the pulmonary valve closing (SL)?

A

2nd intercostal space

- LEFT side

25
Q

Where can you best hear the aortic valve closing (SL)?

A

2nd intercostal space

  • RIGHT side
  • it’s opposite from what you think

NURS 4000 (2 decks)

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