Heart - Neurovasculature

Question 1

12. Which veins empty into the left atrium?

Answer 1

• Left and right pulmonary veins.
• Smallest Cardiac veins (veins of thebesian)

Question 1

14. Which blood vessel arises from the right ventricle?

Answer 1

• Pulmonary artery

Question 2

15. Which blood vessel arises from the left ventricle?

Answer 2

• The Aorta

Question 3

21. What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

Answer 3

• Sino-atrial node

Question 3

22. Where is the primary pacemaker of the heart located? (AKA SA NODE)

Answer 3

• Superior wall of the right atrium in the crista terminalis
• further explanation
  (at the junction of superior vena cava and right atrium in the posterolateral wall of sinus venarum, in the subepicardial layer.)

Question 4

23. Where is the atrioventricular node located?

Answer 4

• Within the atrioventricular septum in the Triangle of Koch near it’s apex

Anteriorly: Septal Tricuspid leaflet
Posteriorly: Eustachian valve and Tendon of Todaro
Base:Coronary sinus orifice

Question 5

24. Where does the atrioventricular bundle arise from?

Answer 5

• Direct continuation of atrioventricular node (Ashoff-Tawara node) follows along the lower border of membranous part of interventricular septum penetrates the right fibrous trigone.

Question 6

25. What are the direct branches of the atrioventricular bundle?

Answer 6

• Left and right Tawara bundles.

Question 7

26. Which impulse conducting item passes through the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 7

• Bundle of His

Question 7

27. Which nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

Answer 7

• Vagus (X) cranial nerve.

Question 8

29. What is the shape of the arterial pericardial reflections?

Answer 8

• 8 shaped

Question 9

30. What is the shape of the venous pericardial reflections?

Answer 9

• T-shaped / J-shaped

Question 10

31. What is the nutrient (private) arteries of the heart?

Answer 10

• Left coronary artery
• Circumflex artery
• Anterior interventricular artery
• Left marginal artery
• Right coronary artery
• Right marginal artery
• Posterior interventricular artery.

Question 11

32. Where do the nutrient arteries of the heart arise from?

Answer 11

• Right and left aortic sinuses located on the aorta.

Question 12

33. Which artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular branch at “balanced circulation”?

Answer 12

• Right coronary artery

Question 13

34. Which artery gives rise to the anterior interventricular branch at “balanced
    circulation”?

Answer 13

• Left coronary artery

Question 14

35. Which artery gives rise to the circumflex branch?

Answer 14

• Left coronary artery

Question 15

36. In which groove of heart does the circumflex branch run?

Answer 15

• Coronary groove/sulcus

Question 16

37. In which groove of heart does the coronary sinus run?

Answer 16

• Coronary groove/sulcus

Question 17

38. Which chamber of the heart does the coronary sinus empty into?

Answer 17

• Right atrium

Question 18

39. Name at least 3 veins which empty into the coronary sinus.

Answer 18

• Great cardiac vein
• Small cardiac vein
• Middle cardiac vein.

Question 19

40. Which veins travel in the coronary sulcus?

Answer 19

• Small cardiac vein, Coronary sinus

Question 20

41. Which vein runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

Answer 20

• Great cardiac vein

Question 21

42. Which vein runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus?

Answer 21

• Middle cardiac vein

Question 22

44. On which surface of the heart is the posterior interventricular sulcus found?

Answer 22

- Inferior (Diaphragmatic) surface of the heart.

Question 22

43. On which surface of the heart is the anterior interventricular sulcus found?

Answer 22

- Anterior (Sternocostal) surface of the heart.