Heart murmurs and valvular disease Flashcards
What causes heart sound 1? (lub)
the closing of the tricuspid and mitral valves and the start of ventricles contracting
What causes heart sound 2? (dub)
the closing of semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) once systolic contraction
What causes the 3rd heart sound?
the rapid filling of the ventricles, causes the chord tendinae to pull their full length and twang
is 3rd heart sound healthy?
in children up to 40 years old yes, in elderly patients can indicate heart failure
4th heart sound is caused by…
stiff and hypertrophic ventricle caused by turbulent flow from an atria contracting against non compliant ventricle
Which type of valvular diseases cause hypertrophy?
Stenosis (Aortic and mitral stenosis) because the muscle works harder against the stenotic valve
Which type of valvular diseases cause dilatation of the heart?
Mitral and Aortic regurgitation. This is because constant back flow of blood causes thinning of the tissue by stretching it out
Mitral stenosis:
timing, sound and causes
MID Diastolic
low pitched
caused by infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease
What is associated with mitral stenosis?
Atrial fibrillation and malar flush
Mitral regurgitation: timing, sound, radiation and causes
Pan systolic
radiates to left axilla
high pitched
caused by rheumatic fever, ehler’s danlos syndrome
What does mitral regurgitation lead to?
congestive heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction
Aortic stenosis:
sound, timing, radiation and causes
Ejection systolic
High pitched, crescendo-decrescendo
Caused by age related calcification and rheumatic heart disease
Aortic stenosis has which associated symptoms?
exertional syncope
narrow pulse pressure
Aortic regurgitation: sound, timing, causes and signs
early diastolic
gentle/soft
E.D and Marfan’s syndrome and age related weakening
collapsing pulse
