heart murmur descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Mitral regurgitation

A

Loud pansystolic murmur at the apex radiating into the axilla. Best heard in the left lateral position.

  • displaced apex beat with thrusting.
  • may be systolic thrill over apex.
  • soft S1
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2
Q

Mitral valve prolapse (Barlow Syndrome)

A

Mid-systolic click, followed by a late systolic murmur heard best at the apex. Squatting delays the click, standing increases the murmur.

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3
Q

Mitral Stenosis

A

Rumbling mid-diastolic murmur heard at the apex and radiationg to the axilla. heard best in in the left lateral position - accentuated by excercise

  • Tapping undisplaced apex beat
  • Loud S1 and S2
  • Left parasternal heave
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4
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

High pitched early diastolic murmur audible in the aortic area and at the left sternal edge. Best heard leaning forward on end expiration

  • Wide pulse pressure which is collapsing
  • Apex beat is thrusting and displaced to 6th intercostal space in the anterior axillary line (volume overload)
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5
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Harsh ejection systolic murmur heard best at the left sternal edge (2nd ICS) . loudest leaning forward on end expiration and may radiate to carotids.

  • Narrow pulse pressure and slow rising pulse
  • aortic thrill
  • Apex is forceful but usually undisplaced
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6
Q

Tricuspid regurgitation

A

Pansystolic murmur heard loudest at lower left sternal edge during inspiration

  • AF common
  • JVP raised with giant v waves
  • Tender pulsatile hepatomegaly
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7
Q

Mechanical mitral valve replacement

A

Click on first heart sound (closure of valve)

Possible mid-diastolic murmur (more common with old ball-and-cage valve)

Pansystolic murmur? (leaking of prosthetic valve)

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8
Q

Mechanical aortic valve replacement

A

Normal first heart sound

Ejection click (opening of prosthetic valve)

Soft ejection systolic murmur

Click on second heart sound (closing of valve)

Early diastolic murmur? (leaking - also wide pulse pressure and collapsing pulse)

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