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CardioPulm > Heart LOs outline > Flashcards

Heart LOs outline Flashcards

1
Q

parasympathetic fibers, which

A

decrease the heart rate and constrict the coronary arteries.

Vagus nerve – (+) slows HR, reduces the force contraction, constricts the CAs

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2
Q

sympathetic fibers, which

A

increase the heart rate and the force of the heartbeat and cause dilation of the coronary arteries

T1-T4 – sensory afferent and efferent fibers – (+) increased HR, impulse conduction, force of contraction, incr blood flow thru CAs

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3
Q

Sinoatrial node:

A
  • specialized cardiac fibers that lies in myocardium at the upper end of crista terminalis near the opening of the SVC in the right atrium
  • pacemaker of heart, initiates heartbeats, altered by autonomic stimulation
  • impulses spread by cardiac muscle in the right atrium to AV node
  • SUPPLIED BY SINUS NODE ARTERY
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4
Q

AV node:

A
  • lies in septal wall of right atrium, receives stimulus from SA node, sends it to AV bundle
  • supplied by AV node artery
  • innervated by autonomic nerve fibers
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5
Q

AV Bundle:

A
  • begins at AV node , runs along membranous part of interventricular septum
  • splits into right and left bundles, break up in muscular part of interventricular septum, break up into purkinje fibers
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6
Q

Pulmonary Valve:

A
  • behind medial end of third costal cartilage
  • shuts after closure of aortic valve
  • most audible left second intercostal space
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7
Q

Aortic Valve:

A
  • lies behind left half of sternum, opposite third intercostal space
  • closed during ventricular diastole (dub heart sound)
  • most audible over right second intercostal space
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8
Q

Tricuspid Valve:

A

-lies behind right atrium and ventricle, behind right half of sternum, covered by endocardium
-anterior,posterior and septal cusps , attached by chordae tendinae to three papillary muscles,
Keep valve closed against pressure of pumping heart
-closed during contracture
-auscultate over right lower part of the sternum

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9
Q

Bicuspid Valve:

A
  • Between left atrium and left ventricle, behind left half of sternum
  • 2 cusps, larger anterior and small posterior
  • closed slightly before tricuspid valve
  • auscultate at left fifth intercostal space
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10
Q

fibrous (membranous) portion

of septa

A
  • superior and posterior – thin membrane, part of fibrous skeleton of heart – septal cusp of tricuspid is attached to this membranous part
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11
Q

muscular portion

of septa

A

-inferior and bulges into RV – forms majority of the septum, thicker d/t high pressure of LV

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12
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A

marks border between atria and ventricles

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13
Q

Sulcus Terminalis

A

a groove on the external surface of the right atrium, marks the junction of the primitive sinus venosus with the atrium in the embryo and corresponds to a ridge on the internal heart surface, the crista terminalis

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14
Q

chordae tendineae

A

prevent leakage of blood into right atrium

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15
Q

-Septomarginal trabecula

A

band of trabeculae that forms a bridge between intraventricular septum and the base of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle
-prevents overdistention of ventricle, carries right limb of AV bundle from septum to wall of ventricle

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16
Q

IV Septum

A

origin of septal papillary muscle

17
Q

Azygos Vein

A

-The azygos vein is a vein running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked

18
Q

Pulmonary Trunk:

A

Arises from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle, passes obliquely upward and backward across the origin and on the left side of the ascending aorta within the fibrous pericardium, and bifurcates into the right and left pulmonary arteries in the concavity of the aortic arch.

19
Q

Superior vena cava:

A
  • Is formed by the union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins and returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm, except the lungs and heart
  • Descends on the right side of the ascending aorta, receives the azygos vein, and enters the right atrium. Its upper half is in the superior mediastinum, and its lower half is in the middle mediastinum.
20
Q

Arch of the Aorta:

A
  • in superior mediastinum, continuation of ascending aorta, arches over right pulmonary artery and left main bronchus
  • Gives rise to the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries
21
Q

Ascending Aorta:

A
  • comes from left ventricle and ascends behind sternum to end at level of sternal angle
  • lies in middle mediastinum, gives of right and left coronary artery
22
Q

Smallest Cardiac Vein:

A

-Begin in the wall of the heart and empty directly into its chambers.

23
Q

Anterior Cardiac Vein:

A

-drains anterior right ventricle, ends in right atrium

24
Q

Oblique vein of Left Atrium:

A

-descends to empty into coronary sinus

25
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein:

A
  • begins at apex of heart, accompanies right coronary artery

- drains into right end of coronary sinus

26
Q

Great Cardiac Vein:

A
  • begins at Apex of heart, ascends along left coronary artery
  • continues through coronary sulcus as coronary sinus
27
Q

Coronary Sinus:

A
  • lies in coronary sulcus, separates atria from ventricles
  • largest vein draining the heart, opens into right atrium between IVC and AC
  • receives great, middle and small cardiac veins, oblique vein and posterior vein
28
Q

Right coronary artery and branches:

A
  • arises from sinus of ascending aorta, runs between pulmonary trunk and right auricle, supplies right atrium and ventricle
  • SA Nodal Artery: encircles base of SVC, supplies SA node and right atrium
  • Marginal Artery: supplies inferior margin of right ventricle
  • Posterior descending artery: supplies party of IV septum, left ventricle, AV node
  • AV nodal artery: supplies AV node
29
Q

Left coronary artery and branches

A
  • arises from left sinus of ascending aorta, just above aortic semilunar valve
  • Left Anterior Descending Artery: supplies anterior of right and left ventricles
  • Circumflex Artery: runs in coronary sulcus , gives off left marginal artery, supplies left atrium and left ventricle , anastomoses with right coronary artery
30
Q

Left Ventricle:

A
  • at the back of heart
  • divided into ventricle proper and aortic vestibule (leads into the aorta)
  • contains two papillary muscles and their chordae tendinae
  • thicker wall, longer, narrower, stronger than right ventricle
31
Q

Right Ventricles:

A

-Papillary muscles: attached to chordae tendinae, contract to tighten chordae tendinae, preventing cusps of tricuspid valve being everted, preventing blood from leaking from ventrivle into right atrium

32
Q

Left Atrium:

A
  • smaller with thicker walls than right atrium, mostly smooth walls
  • receives oxygenated blood through four pulmonary veins
33
Q

Right Atrium:

A

: Smooth walled sinus venarum, rough walled atrium proper: two vena cavae open into them

  • larger than left atrium
  • right atrial pressure is higher than left atrial pressure
34
Q

-Right Auricle:

A

muscular pouch about right atrium

35
Q

-Fossa Ovalis:

A

blood runs from right atrium into left atrium through this

36
Q

-Pectinate muscles:

A

ridges of myocardium that are located in the atrium

37
Q

-Crista Terminalis:

A

junction between sinus venarum and right atrium proper

CardioPulm (10 decks)

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