Heart Failure Patho Flashcards
Heat Failure(HF)
a decrease in cardiac output
Heat can’t meet the demands of the body
Cardiac output(CO)
The amount of blood leaving the heart
CO(mL/min)= Stroke volume(mL/beat)xHR(beats/min)
Right Sided Heart Failure
The right ventricle can’t pump enough blood to the lungs
Left sided Heart Failure
The left ventricle can’t pump enough blood to the tissues and organs that need oxygen
Right vs Left sided Heart Failure
Which is common ?
Which is rare?
Common(Left-sided HF)
Rare(Right-sided HF)
Systolic Dysfunction
weakened heart muscle can’t squeeze as well
Problem with Pumping
* Ventricles can fill,but can’t pump
AKA : Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Diastolic Dysfunction
stiff heart muscle can’t relax normally
Problem with filling
* Ventricles can’t fill, but can pump
AKA Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Ejection Fraction(EF)
EF=stroke volume/end diastolic volume
The % of blood that leaves your left ventricles when it contracts
N.B. normal EF is ~50-70% meaning 30-50% of the blood in your ventricle remains behind after it pumps
HFrEF
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Your heart pump doesn’t work so <40% of the blood in your ventricle leaves when it contracts
EF <40%
HFmrEF
Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction
HFpEF getting worse or HFrEF getting better
EF 40-50%
HFpEF
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
The LV doesn’t fill properly, but does contract , so the same % of blood leaves the ventricle, but from a smaller starting volume
EF >50%
Diastolic vloume
Amount of blood in left ventricle after diastole=~120mL
Normal amount of blood ejected=~70mL(stroke volume)
Ejected fraction=70mL/120mL=~60mL
Classification of HFrEF
Example
- End diastolic volume: 120mL
- Amount of blood ejected in HFrEF:~30mL
- EF:30mL/120mL=25%
Classification of HFmrEF
- End diastolic volume: ~100mL
- Amount of blood ejected in HFrEF: ~45mL
- Eejection fraction: 45mL/100mL=~45%
Classification of HFpEF
- End diastolic volume :~80mL
- Amount of blood ejected in HFrEF: ~50mL
- Ejection fraction: 50mL/80mL=63%