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CVS II Pharmacology > heart failure drugs > Flashcards

heart failure drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MOA of Digoxin

A

MOA: Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, leading to increased intracellular Na+ and Ca++, which increases the force of contraction. Decreases AV node conduction velocity.

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2
Q

what are the indications for digoxin

A

Indications: Congestive heart failure (CHF), supraventricular tachycardia (except WPW syndrome).

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3
Q

what are the adverse effects of digoxin

A

Adverse Effects: GI (anorexia, nausea, vomiting), CNS (headache, disorientation, visual halos), cardiovascular (PVCs, AV block, sinus bradycardia).

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4
Q

True or false: Digoxin is contraindicated in WPW syndrome

A

TRUE it is contraindicated in WPW

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5
Q

what is the MOA of dobutamine

A

MOA: Sympathomimetic that primarily acts on β1-adrenergic receptors, increasing heart contractility and output.

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6
Q

what are the indications for dobutamine

A

actue decompensated heart failure

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7
Q

what are the adverse effects of dobutamine

A

tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension

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8
Q

what are the contraindications of dobutamine

A

hypersensitivity to dobutamine

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9
Q

What is the MOA of milrinone

A

MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) leading to increased cAMP, resulting in positive inotropy and vasodilation.

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10
Q

What are the indications for milrinone

A

Short-term treatment of severe heart failure

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects of milrinone

A

hypotension, thrombocytopenia (with inamrinone)

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12
Q

what are the contraindications of milrinone

A

hypersensitivity to the drug, severe obstructive aortic or pulmonary valvular disease

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13
Q

what’s the MOA of Enalapril/Lisinopril

A

MOA: Inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing angiotensin II levels and decreasing aldosterone secretion, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

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14
Q

what are the indications for Enalapril and lisinopril

A

heart failure an HTN

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15
Q

what are the adverse effects of enalapril/lisinopril

A

cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, renal impairment

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16
Q

what are the contraindications for enalapril and lisinopril

A

pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis

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17
Q

MOA of Valsartan/Candesartan

A

MOA: Blocks angiotensin II receptors, preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone-secreting effects

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18
Q

what are the indications for Valsartan and candesartan

A

heart failure and HTN

19
Q

what are the adverse effects of valsartan and candesartan

A

Hyperkalemia, renal impairment, and hypotension

20
Q

what are the contraindications for valsartan and candesartan

A

pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis

21
Q

MOA of Spironolactone/Eplerenone

A

MOA: Aldosterone antagonist that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules, reducing water retention and lowering blood pressure.

22
Q

what are the indications for spironolactone/Eplerenone

A

Heart failure, HTN, hyperaldosteronism

23
Q

what are the adverse effects of spironolactone/eplerenone

A

Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia (spironolactone), renal impairment

24
Q

what are the contraindications for Spironolactone/Eplerenone

A

Hyperkalemia, Addison’s disease

25
Q

MOA of Furosemide/Bumetanide/Torsemide

A

MOA: Inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to diuresis.

26
Q

list the indications, adverse effects, and contraindications for Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

A

Indications: Edema due to heart failure, hypertension.

Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, dehydration, ototoxicity.

Contraindications: Anuria, severe electrolyte depletion.

27
Q

MOA of carvedilol, metoprolol, bisoprolol

A

MOA: Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure.

28
Q

list the indications, adverse effects and contraindications for carvedilol, metoprolol, and bisprolol

A

Indications: Heart failure, hypertension, post-MI.

Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, bronchospasm.

Contraindications: Severe bradycardia, AV block, asthma (non-selective beta-blockers).

29
Q

MOA of Ivabradine

A

MOA: Inhibits the funny current (If) in the SA node, reducing heart rate without affecting contractility.

30
Q

list the indications, adverse effects and contraindications for Ivabradine

A

Indications: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF < 35%).

Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, visual disturbances (phosphenes).

Contraindications: Acute decompensated heart failure, bradycardia.

31
Q

MOA of sacubitril/Valsartan

A

MOA: Sacubitril inhibits neprilysin, increasing levels of natriuretic peptides; Valsartan blocks angiotensin II receptors.

32
Q

Adverse effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan

A

Hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment

33
Q

contraindications of sacubitril/valsartan

A

Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of angioedema related to ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

34
Q

MOA of nitrogllycerin

A

MOA: Converts to nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation and reduced preload.

35
Q

list the indications, adverse effects, and contraindications for Nitroglycerin

A

Indications: Acute decompensated heart failure, angina.

Adverse Effects: Hypotension, headache, reflex tachycardia.

Contraindications: Hypotension, concurrent use with PDE5 inhibitors.

36
Q

MOA of bosentan/ambrisentan

A

MOA: Bosentan blocks ETa/ETb receptors; Ambrisentan blocks ETa receptors, leading to vasodilation.

37
Q

What are the indications of bosentan/ambrisentan

A

Pulmonary arterial HTN

38
Q

List the adverse effects and contraindications for Bosentan/Ambrisentan

A

Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity, anemia, hypotension.

Contraindications: Pregnancy, moderate to severe liver impairment.

39
Q

MOA of sildenafil

A

MOA: Inhibits PDE5, increasing cGMP levels leading to vasodilation.

40
Q

list the indications for Sildenafil/tadalafil

A

Indications: Pulmonary hypertension, erectile dysfunction.

41
Q

list the adverse effects and contraindications for sildenafil/tadalafil

A

Adverse Effects: Headache, flushing, hypotension.

Contraindications: Concurrent use with nitrates.

42
Q

what drugs can cause digitalis toxicity

A

loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, quinidine, verapamil, NSAIDS, amiodarone, and erythromycin

43
Q

The antidote to digitalis toxicity

A

DigiFab (digibind); supportive therapy

CVS II Pharmacology (9 decks)

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