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CVS II Pharmacology > heart failure drugs > Flashcards

heart failure drugs Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

what is the MOA of Digoxin

A

MOA: Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, leading to increased intracellular Na+ and Ca++, which increases the force of contraction. Decreases AV node conduction velocity.

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2
Q

what are the indications for digoxin

A

Indications: Congestive heart failure (CHF), supraventricular tachycardia (except WPW syndrome).

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3
Q

what are the adverse effects of digoxin

A

Adverse Effects: GI (anorexia, nausea, vomiting), CNS (headache, disorientation, visual halos), cardiovascular (PVCs, AV block, sinus bradycardia).

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4
Q

True or false: Digoxin is contraindicated in WPW syndrome

A

TRUE it is contraindicated in WPW

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5
Q

what is the MOA of dobutamine

A

MOA: Sympathomimetic that primarily acts on β1-adrenergic receptors, increasing heart contractility and output.

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6
Q

what are the indications for dobutamine

A

actue decompensated heart failure

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7
Q

what are the adverse effects of dobutamine

A

tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypotension

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8
Q

what are the contraindications of dobutamine

A

hypersensitivity to dobutamine

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9
Q

What is the MOA of milrinone

A

MOA: Inhibits phosphodiesterase (PDE) leading to increased cAMP, resulting in positive inotropy and vasodilation.

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10
Q

What are the indications for milrinone

A

Short-term treatment of severe heart failure

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects of milrinone

A

hypotension, thrombocytopenia (with inamrinone)

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12
Q

what are the contraindications of milrinone

A

hypersensitivity to the drug, severe obstructive aortic or pulmonary valvular disease

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13
Q

what’s the MOA of Enalapril/Lisinopril

A

MOA: Inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme, reducing angiotensin II levels and decreasing aldosterone secretion, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.

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14
Q

what are the indications for Enalapril and lisinopril

A

heart failure an HTN

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15
Q

what are the adverse effects of enalapril/lisinopril

A

cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, renal impairment

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16
Q

what are the contraindications for enalapril and lisinopril

A

pregnancy and bilateral renal artery stenosis

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17
Q

MOA of Valsartan/Candesartan

A

MOA: Blocks angiotensin II receptors, preventing vasoconstriction and aldosterone-secreting effects

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18
Q

what are the indications for Valsartan and candesartan

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A

heart failure and HTN

19
Q

what are the adverse effects of valsartan and candesartan

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A

Hyperkalemia, renal impairment, and hypotension

20
Q

what are the contraindications for valsartan and candesartan

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A

pregnancy, bilateral renal artery stenosis

21
Q

MOA of Spironolactone/Eplerenone

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A

MOA: Aldosterone antagonist that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules, reducing water retention and lowering blood pressure.

22
Q

what are the indications for spironolactone/Eplerenone

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A

Heart failure, HTN, hyperaldosteronism

23
Q

what are the adverse effects of spironolactone/eplerenone

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A

Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia (spironolactone), renal impairment

24
Q

what are the contraindications for Spironolactone/Eplerenone

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A

Hyperkalemia, Addison’s disease

25
MOA of Furosemide/Bumetanide/Torsemide
MOA: Inhibits the Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to diuresis.
26
list the indications, adverse effects, and contraindications for Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide
Indications: Edema due to heart failure, hypertension. Adverse Effects: Hypokalemia, dehydration, ototoxicity. Contraindications: Anuria, severe electrolyte depletion.
27
MOA of carvedilol, metoprolol, bisoprolol
MOA: Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure.
28
list the indications, adverse effects and contraindications for carvedilol, metoprolol, and bisprolol
Indications: Heart failure, hypertension, post-MI. Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, bronchospasm. Contraindications: Severe bradycardia, AV block, asthma (non-selective beta-blockers).
29
MOA of Ivabradine
MOA: Inhibits the funny current (If) in the SA node, reducing heart rate without affecting contractility.
30
list the indications, adverse effects and contraindications for Ivabradine
Indications: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (EF < 35%). Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, visual disturbances (phosphenes). Contraindications: Acute decompensated heart failure, bradycardia.
31
MOA of sacubitril/Valsartan
MOA: Sacubitril inhibits neprilysin, increasing levels of natriuretic peptides; Valsartan blocks angiotensin II receptors.
32
Adverse effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan
Hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal impairment
33
contraindications of sacubitril/valsartan
Contraindications: Pregnancy, history of angioedema related to ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
34
MOA of nitrogllycerin
MOA: Converts to nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation and reduced preload.
35
list the indications, adverse effects, and contraindications for Nitroglycerin
Indications: Acute decompensated heart failure, angina. Adverse Effects: Hypotension, headache, reflex tachycardia. Contraindications: Hypotension, concurrent use with PDE5 inhibitors.
36
MOA of bosentan/ambrisentan
MOA: Bosentan blocks ETa/ETb receptors; Ambrisentan blocks ETa receptors, leading to vasodilation.
37
What are the indications of bosentan/ambrisentan
Pulmonary arterial HTN
38
List the adverse effects and contraindications for Bosentan/Ambrisentan
Adverse Effects: Hepatotoxicity, anemia, hypotension. Contraindications: Pregnancy, moderate to severe liver impairment.
39
MOA of sildenafil
MOA: Inhibits PDE5, increasing cGMP levels leading to vasodilation.
40
list the indications for Sildenafil/tadalafil
Indications: Pulmonary hypertension, erectile dysfunction.
41
list the adverse effects and contraindications for sildenafil/tadalafil
Adverse Effects: Headache, flushing, hypotension. Contraindications: Concurrent use with nitrates.
42
what drugs can cause digitalis toxicity
loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, quinidine, verapamil, NSAIDS, amiodarone, and erythromycin
43
The antidote to digitalis toxicity
DigiFab (digibind); supportive therapy

CVS II Pharmacology (9 decks)

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