Heart Failure Flashcards
What is left CCF mainly due to?
IHD (MIs)
Cardiomyopathy
Valvular disease
What is right CCF mainly due to?
secondary to LHF
cor pulmonale
congenital heart disease
Symptoms of LVF?
dyspnoea (exertion/rest)
orthopnoea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
pulmonary oedema
Signs of LVF?
displaced apex pan systolic murmur tachycardia fine crepitations pleural effusion S3
What might a CXR of LVF show?
cardiomegaly
bats wing shadows esp. lower zones
interstitial fluid
What are signs of pulmonary embolism?
sunken dyspnoea
pink, frothy sputum
What murmur is assoc. with LVF?
pan systolic = functional mitral regurgitation
What heart sound is assoc. with LVF?
S3 = gallop rhythm due to rapid ventricular filling
Symptoms of RHF?
oedema
Signs of RHF?
ankle/sacral oedema
JVP elevated
hepatomegaly
ascites
What would you see on a CXR of RHF?
nothing, it good normal
How do you treat CCF due to previous MI or cardiomyopathy?
(standard medical treatment for CCF) Diuretics ACE inhibitors B-blockers Spironolactone Digoxin
What are the signs of interstitial fluid on CXR?
Kerley B lines
How do you treat CCF due to cor pulmonale?
Diuretics and O2 only:
e.g. furosemide (would also need K+ supplements) or spironolactone or ACE-I
What is the ideal therapy for CCF due to valvular disease?
surgery