Heart Failure Flashcards
Leading cause of heart failure in adults
Coronary artery disease
Leading cause of heart failure in children
Congenital heart disease
Define preload
Chamber stretch prior to contraction
Define afterload
The resistance that has to be overcome to allow for ejection
Define heart rate
Diastolic filling and atrial kick
Frank-Starling Law
Increased preload causes increased stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, thereby increasing the force of contraction and increased stroke volume
Define heart failure
Decreased pumping or filling ability of the heart, resulting in decreased cardiac output
Identify 3 physiological characteristics of heart failure
1) Blood/ fluids back up into lungs; 2) Pressure on the heart increases; and 3) Heart muscle is weakened, stiff
What is the most common cause of right heart failure?
Left heart failure
Which is more common - left or right heart failure?
Left heart failure
T/F: most heart failure ends up involving both ventricles
True
Jugular vein distention, peripheral edema, liver/ spleen enlargement, ascites, GI venous congestion, continued fatigue/ weakness - these are signs/ symptoms of what disease?
Right heart failure
Exertional/ nocturnal dyspnea, blood-tinged sputum, orthopnea, cough, cyanosis, rales/ crackles, fatigue, S3 gallop, oliguria - these are signs/ symptoms of what disease?
Left heart failure
In systolic heart failure, ___ ventricle pumping is impaired, and blood backs up into the ___ atria.
Left, left
In systolic heart failure, increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary vascular bed causes accumulation of fluid in ___ and ___ spaces, leading to ___ congestion.
Interstitial, alveolar, pulmonary
