Heart failure Flashcards
Name the few main types of drugs to treat heart failure. And examples.
1) Inotropic agent: Digoxin, Dobutamine
2) Diuretics:
- Thiazides: Bendroflimethiazide
- Loop: Bumetanide, Furosemide
- Aldosterone antagonist: spironolactone, epleronone
3) Renin Angiotensin System:
- ACE inhibitor: lisinopril, enalapril, ramopril
- ARB angiotensin Receptor Blocker: Candesartan, Losatan, Valsartan
4) Beta- blocker for chronic HF: carvedilol, Bisoprolol, Nebivolol
Which drug is specifically used to treat HF patients over 75 years old?
Nebivolol
Which two HF drugs cannot be used together due to drug-drug interaction?
Digoxin and loop diuretics (bumetanide/ furosemide)
How does inotropic agent like digoxin work? State another example for inotropic agents.
Increase intracellular calcium by inhibiting membrane Na+/K+ ATPase.
It tends to act at AV node by opening calcium- activated potassium channels.
Reason to cause ectopic beats as well.
Another example: Dobutamine
Give examples of diuretics that act as aldosterone antagonists. And the mechanism of it.
Spironolactone and epleronone.
They are aldosterone inhibitor inducing Na+ retention
Examples of ACE inhibitors for HF treatment. State the effect of this type of drug.
Examples: lisinopril, enalapril, ramopril
Decrease both preload and after-load.
How does beta-blocker work for chronic HF treatment. And give examples of beta- blocker.
- Decrease HR and myocardial contractility
- inhibition of sympathetic NS
- decrease oxygen demand, inhibit renin release, anti-arrhythmic, prevent cell hypertrophy
- Examples: carvedilol, bisoprolol, Nebivolol (75 years old)
Name a beta blocker that is
1: non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonist
2: selective beta- adrenoceptor antagonist
1: carvedilol
2: bisoprolol
When you prescribe beta- blocker for HF treatment, what will you prescribe with?
ACE inhibitor or diuretics
