Heart failure.

Question 1

furosemide

Answer 1

loop diuretic that is used in heart failure to help decrease preload.

Question 2

Bumetanide

Answer 2

loop diuretic that is used in heart failure to help decrease preload.

Question 3

Torsemide

Answer 3

loop diuretic that is used in heart failure to help decrease preload.

Question 4

eplerenone

Answer 4

A aldosterone antagonist which is a also known as a potassium sparing diuretic

shown to decrease mortality in heart failure

Question 5

Spironolactone

Answer 5

A aldosterone antagonist which is a also known as a potassium sparing diuretic

shown to decrease mortality in heart failure

Question 6

Conivaptan

Answer 6

ADH antagonist that binds to V1A and V2, prevents water retention and will help decrease preload.

administered parenterally

Question 7

Tolovaptan

Answer 7

ADH antagonist binds to V2 receptors. will prevent water retention and decrease preload.

administered PO

Question 8

-pril suffix

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors. which are used with diuretics to help remove the water from the body.

Question 9

Ace inhibitor side effects

Answer 9

Cough, angioedema.

Question 10

-Sartan suffix

Answer 10

ARB’s that are used is conjunction with diuretics to help remove excess water from the body in heart failure.

aren’t associated with angioedema or a cough.

Question 11

hydralazine

Answer 11

A arterial vasodilator that will reduce blood pressure and after load. this can be used in heart failure.

can cause tachycardia, fluid retention and lupus like syndrome.

Question 12

Isosorbide dinitrate.

Answer 12

Venous vasodilator that will decrease preload. this drug is used in acute and chronic HF as well as angina.

side effects can be postural hypotension, tachycardia, and headache

Question 13

nitroprusside

Answer 13

a combined venous and arterial vasodilator

MOA: releases NO and activated guanylyl cyclase

used for acute cardiac decompensation and hypertensive emergencies (malignant hypertension)

Question 14

Nesiritide

Answer 14

a form of BNP that can be used for acutely decompensated heat failure.

MOA: binds to guanylate cyclase receptor on vascular smooth muscle and increase cGMP to cause relaxation.

Side effects can be excessive hypotension and possibly significant renal damage.

Question 15

Bisoprolol

Answer 15

Beta one selective antagonist.

can be used for heart failure in the US.

Question 16

Carvedilol

Answer 16

A non-selvetive Beta antagonist as well as alpha1 selective antagonist.
can be used in mild to sever heart failure.

Question 17

Metoprolol

Answer 17

Beta 1 selective antagonist

can be used in mild to moderate heart failure.

Question 18

steps in treatment of chronic heart failure

Answer 18

1: control hypertension hyperlipidemia, glucose metab, obesity
2: reduce workload of heart (bed rest)
3: restrict sodium intake, give diuretics
4: restrict water
5: give ACE-I or ARB
6: Give digoxin if systolic dysfunction withthrid heart sound or AFib.
7: give Beta blocker with stable class II-IV HF
8: give aldosterone antagonist (entacapone, spiranalactone)
9: give vasodilator
10: Cardiac resynchronization
11: heart transplant.