Heart Failure Flashcards
1
Q
Left sided heart failure symptoms
A
- Signs: rales, narrow pulse pressure, pulsus alternans, cool extremities
- Symptoms-pulmonary edema (PND, orthopnea, dyspnea, etc), fatigue, weakness, impaired mentation
- low CO and pulmonary congestion due to dysfxnl LV and/or valve
2
Q
Right sided heart failure symptoms
A
- Signs: elevated JVP, hepatomegaly, ascites, edema, cachexia
- Symptoms: loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, bloating, early satiety
- Usually due to left-sided HF causing increased afterload
3
Q
Signs of congestion
A
- elevated jugular venous pressure
- hepatomegaly
- hepatojugular reflux
- rales in lungs
- edema
4
Q
Signs of impaired perfusion
A
- narrow pulse pressure
- pulsus alternans
- slowed mentation
- cool extremities
5
Q
Factors leading to decompensation of chronic heart failure
A
- D/C therapy
- start meds that worsen heart failure or renal fxn
- dietary indiscretion
- alcohol
- arrhythmias
- fever/infection
- MI
- worsening HTN
- Anemia
6
Q
Systolic dysfunction
A
impairment of the pumping function of the heart
7
Q
Diastolic dysfunction
A
impairment of relaxation between contractions of the heart
8
Q
Low output heart failure
A
- volume retention and progressive cardiac dysfunction
- primary abnormality=systolic dysfxn and decreased CO
9
Q
High output heart failure
A
- condition results in chronic significant decrease in total peripheral vascular resistance
- CO increased but may lead to progressive cardiac dysfxn
10
Q
Forward failure
A
- hypoperfusion w/o congestion
- symptoms-impaired mentation, weakness, fatigue, exercise intolerance
- signs-cachexia, cool extremities, narrow pulse pressure
11
Q
Backward failure
A
-symptoms due to fluid backing up behind left ventricle; most common presenting sx of heart failure
