Heart Failure Flashcards
What is the pathophysiology of systolic heart failure?
Impaired myocardial contractility leads to reduced ejection fraction and cardiac output.
What compensatory mechanisms are activated in heart failure?
SNS activation, RAAS activation, and ADH release to maintain perfusion but worsen fluid overload.
How does afterload affect heart failure?
Increased afterload increases myocardial oxygen demand and impairs stroke volume.
What role does BNP play in heart failure?
Released in response to ventricular stretch; promotes natriuresis and vasodilation.
Why is furosemide used in acute decompensated heart failure?
To reduce preload and alleviate pulmonary congestion via diuresis.
What are signs of left-sided heart failure?
Dyspnea, orthopnea, pulmonary edema, and decreased cardiac output.
What are signs of right-sided heart failure?
Peripheral edema, JVD, hepatomegaly, ascites.
