Heart Failure Flashcards

1
Q

systolic heart failure

A

inability to pump blood forward (heart can’t contract and eject blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

diastolic heart failure

A

inability of the ventricles to relax and fill during diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ejection fraction is . . .

A

a measurement of the percentage of blood leaving the heart each time it squeezes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a low ejection fraction would mean. . .

A

possible heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

preload

A

volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (end diastolic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

afterload

A

resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what conditions increase preload

A
  • hypervolemia
  • heart failure
  • regurgitation of cardiac valves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what condition increase afterload

A
  • hypertension
  • vasoconstriction

increased afterload = increased cardiac workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the primary risk factors for heart failure

A
  • hypertension
  • African American
  • CAD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rationales for s1

A

tricuspid and mitral (bicuspid) valves closing (lub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rationales for s2

A

pulmonic and aortic valves closing (dub)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rationales for s3

A

brief vibration in early diastole at the end of rapid diastolic filling period of the right or left ventricle
- left sided HF
- mitral regurgitation
- low ejection fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rationales for s4

A

late diastolic filling of the ventricle d/t atrial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what two ways can heart valves dysfunction?

A
  • regurgitation (valve doesn’t close all the way)
  • stenosis (valve doesn’t open all the way)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

signs of decreased cardiac output

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

major complication of heart valve dysfunction

17
Q

lifespan of a mechanical heart valve

A

20-25 years

18
Q

nursing considerations for mechanical heart valve

19
Q

lifespan of a tissue heart valve

20
Q

nursing considerations for a tissue heart valve

21
Q

signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure and WHY they’re happening

A
  • restlessness/confusion
  • paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (lungs do not expand well when lying down. fluid pools in alveoli, client becomes dyspneic)
  • orthopnea
  • exertional dyspnea
  • cyanosis
  • pulmonary congestion (cough, wheezing, blood-tinged sputum, tachypnea)
  • elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
22
Q

interventions for left sided heart failure

23
Q

signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure and WHY they’re happening

A
  • anorexia (GI organs are compressed d/t FVE in the abdominal cavity, the liver and spleen enlarge)
  • oliguria (low urine output, pt is retaining fluid-urine output will decline as 3rd spacing increases)
  • ascites
  • enlarged liver/spleen
  • distended jugular veins
  • dependent edema
24
Q

interventions for right sided heart failure

A
  • offer smaller more frequent meals, avoid constipation, decrease Na in diet to decrease fluid retention, diuretics to pull fluid from 3rd space (anorexia)
  • diuretics to pull fluid out of 3rd space, fluid restrictions, lower Na intake, monitor I/O (oliguria)
25
BNP normal range
0-100
26
what does an abnormal BNP value mean?
stretching of heart muscle (too much fluid)
27
PT normal range
10-14 seconds
28
wanted PT range
29
medication that correlates to PT
30
what does an echocardiogram look for?
31
what does an abnormal echocardiogram mean?
32
what should be restricted in a CHF client's diet?
sodium (2g/day)
33
what are the contributory risk factors for heart failure?
- advanced age - diabetes - tobacco - obesity - high cholesterol