Heart Failure Flashcards
Inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output (CO) to meet the body’s metabolic demands
Heart Failure
Most common causes of Heart Failure
HTN or CAD
Chronotropy refers to
HR
Inotropy refers to
strength of contraction
the distending force in diastole (resting force, myocardial compliance, fill vol)
Preload
Systemic vascular resistance and capacitance
Afterload
____ heart failure occurs when ventricles fill a lot (dilated) but are too weak to contract to pump out enough
results in low ejection frxn
Systolic Heart Failure aka Reserved Ejection Frxn (HFrEF)
_____ heart failure occurs when heart muscle is stiff and can’t relax normally. Ventricular hypertrophy results in less blood filling the ventricles but it’s pumped out pretty well
Results in normal ejection frxn
Diastolic Heart Failure aka Preserved Ejection Frxn (HFpEF)
Is Reduced Ejection Frxn (HFrEF) systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
HFrEF = systolic dysfunction
Is Preserved Ejection Frxn (HFpEF) systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
HFpEF = diastolic dysfunction
Ejection frxn </= 40% is what type of heart failure?
Reduced Ejection Frxn (HFrEF)
Ejection frx >/= 50% is what type of heart failure?
Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)
Ejection frxns 41-49% are the weird middle ground referred to as borderline ____
HFpEF
what is an “improved HFpEF” pt?
Someone that shows EF of Preserved but has had Reduced in the past. We treat these ppl as Reduced
EF>/= 50% who has had a prior EF of </= 40%
Alternative to Loop Diuretic for pt with Sulfa Allx
Ethacrynic acid
Diogixin Antidote
Digibind
Potential alternative in HFrEF if unable to tolerate ACE/ARB/ARNI
Hydralazine/Isosorbide
Use ____ adjunct to standard therapy in African Americans with HFrEF
Hydralazine/Isosorbide
Hydralazine/Isosorbide should not be used with _____ due to the isosorbide component
PDE-5 inhibitors
Meds for: Erectile dysfn, pulm HTN
Hydralazine/Isosorbide MOA
Hydralazine: selective arteriolar vasodilator with coronary artery vasodilator properties
- Decr BP & afterload
Isosorbide: nitrate which causes vasodilation of veins (predominate) and arteries via release of nitric oxide
- Decr prelaod
Only used as add-on therapy in HF and atrial fibrillation
Cardiac glycoside
Digoxin MOA
Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase in the cardiac tissue. Also has parasympathomimetic activity and prolongs the refractory period of the SA node
(+) Inotrope
(-) Chronotrope
Decr sympathetic tone
Initial vs Secondary Pharm trmnts for HF
Which pharm HF trmnts need titrated?
BB, ACE/ARB, ARNI, Aldo antag
Loop Diuretics MOA
Inhibits Na+, K+, Cl- co-transport in ascending limb of Loop of Henle
- incr Na+ and H2O excretion
- Decr preload/afterload
Loop Diuretics SE
- E- abnorm -> decr K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+
- Dehydration
- Nephrotoxicity (Elevated BUN/SCr)
- Ototoxicity
Loop Diuretics BBW
risk of profound diuresis and electrolyte depletion