Heart Exam Flashcards
(26 cards)
Capillaries
- carries oxygenated blood
- known as “leaky blood vessels”
- so thin that it can only pass one red blood cell at a time
Vena Cava
- Largest of veins in the body
- takes the deoxygenated blood and dumps it into the right atrium
Veins
- carries deoxygenated blood to the vena cava
- have many one way flap like valves that carry blood back to the heart
Venues
- carry deoxygenated blood back to the veins
Path of blood flow (top to bottom)
Aorta,Arteries(LRG), Arterioles, Capillaries, Veins (Med), Veins (LRG), Vena Cava
Human Heart
- center of the chest, below the sternum
- enclosed in tough double walled pericardium (allows the heart to move and protects it from friction)
Structure and blood flow
-double pump with two, two chambered halves, separated by the septum
Right atrium
- receives blood from the upper part of the body (superior vena cava) and lower part of the body (inferior vena cava)
- contraction pushes blood through the right A-V valve (tricuspid valve)
- all of the valves in heart are one way valves
Right ventricle
- received blood from the right atrium
- strong muscular contraction pushes blood through the right S-L valve (pulmonary valve) through the pulmonary artery towards the lungs
Pulmonary artery
Splits into right and left and takes the blood away from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and the removal of carbon dioxide
Pulmonary vein
- right and left bring blood from the lungs to the left atrium
- left atrium contracts (simultaneously with the right atrium) and sends blood through the left A-V valve (mitral valve)
Left Ventricle
- receives blood from the left atrium
- strong muscular contraction (simultaneously with the right ventricle) pushes blood through S-L valve of the aorta (aortic valve)
- coronary, branchiocephalic, left carotid, left subclavin arteries (THERE ARE FOUR
Heart Rate/Heart Beat
- Distole (relegation of the ventricles,contraction of the atria/filling)
- systole (contraction of the ventricles/pumping)
The Lub-Dub Sound
- “lub” is the closing of the A-V valves,systole
- “dub” is the closing of the S-L valves, diastole
- unmuffled the valves snap shut producing a clicking sound
- the control of contraction of the atria- a mass of nerves called the sonogram (SA) node (heart pacemaker)
- the control center of contraction of the ventricles-atrioventricular AV node
Heart rate
- As your heart pumps blood through your body, you can feel a pulsing in some of the blood vessels close to the skins surface
- Average adult resting heart rate is 70 bpm
Atherosclerosis
- atherosclerosis is a disease in which plague builds up inside your arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood to your heart and other parts of the body
- Plague is made up of fat,cholesterol,calcium and other substances found in the blood
Atherosclerosis (cont)
- plague hardens over time and narrows arteries
- limits oxygen rich blood to other parts of your body
- If blood flow is reduced you may develop angina (chest pain/discomfort)
- Will form blood clots is plague bursts
- If a vessel bursts in the brain, a stroke will occur
- if the rupture occurs in the heart, patient will suffer a heart attack
Parts of blood
Blood: plasma,blood cells,platelets,fibrin and clotting factors, leukocytes,erythrocytes
Plasma
Liquid part of blood
- consists of water and dissolved substances such as salts,glucose,amino acids,hormones,vitamins,waste products
Fibrin
Insoluble proteins that form fibres at the site of an injury (foundation of a blood clot)
Leukocyte
- colourless cells that produce antibodies and are able to move in and out of the vessels to the location of injury where they can surround and engulf foreign bodies
Ethrocyte
- contains hemoglobin (pigment that is red green it’s the presence of oxygen and blue in a sense
- disk shaped,no nucleus
Platelets
- a small disk of red tissue which has no nucleus they play a role in blood clotting as they release serotonin which causes vessels to constrict so bleeding is reduced
Arteries
Muscular vessels that always carries oxygenated blood AWAY FROM THE HEART, with the exception of the pulmonary arteries that always carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
