Heart disease in children

Question 1

type of congenital heart shunt that mixes de/oxygenated blood, but does not result in cyanosis:

Answer 1

left to right shunt

Question 2

type of congenital heart shunt that mixes de/oxygenated blood and results in cyanosis:

Answer 2

right to left shunt

Question 3

a complete obstruction:

Answer 3

atresia

Question 4

what is the most common congenital cardiac malformation:

Answer 4

left to right shunt

Question 5

what are the 3 types of left to right shunts?

Answer 5

Atrial septal defect

Ventricular septal defect

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 6

a defect located at level of fossa ovalis will result in a:

Answer 6

atrial septal defect

Question 7

location of atrial septal defect?

Answer 7

fossa ovalis

Question 8

what embryologic structure fails to close resulting in an atrial septal defect:

Answer 8

ostium secundrum

Question 9

clinical manifestations in an adult of pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis are indicative of what heart defect?

Answer 9

atrial septal defect

Question 10

this congenital heart defect causes right atrial & ventricular dilation, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation of pulmonary artery

Answer 10

atrial septal defect

Question 11

what is the most common cardiac anomaly at birth?

Answer 11

ventricular septal defect

Question 12

-this congenital heart defect causes right ventricle dilated & hypertrophied and increased diameter of pulmonary artery

Answer 12

ventricular septal defect

(also causes -teratology of Fallot)

Question 13

the following clinical presentations are symptoms of what congenital heart defect?

-Involves muscular wall

-May lead to pulmonary hypertension

-May eventually lead to right-sided heart failure

-Increased risk for infective endocarditis

-Can be associated with Tetralogy of Fallot

-Late cyanosis can occur

Answer 13

ventricular septal defect

Question 14

this congenital heart defect produces harsh, “machinery-like” murmur:

Answer 14

patient ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Question 15

patients with patient ductus arteriosus can predispose for developing ______

Answer 15

infective endocarditis

Question 16

what are the 2 types of right to left shunts?

Answer 16

** Tetralogy of Fallot
**
* Transposition of great vessels

Question 17

patients that are cyanotic at birth may have a ______

Answer 17

right to left shunt

Question 18

the following clinical presentations are symptoms of what congenital heart defect?
Clubbing of tips of fingers & toes (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy)

Polycythemia

Paradoxical embolization

Cyanosis

Answer 18

Right to left shunt

Question 19

what is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease? and how can it be corrected?

Answer 19

tetrology of fallot
can be corrected with surgery

Question 20

this congenital heart disease causes the heart to physically look boot-shaped and enlarged:

Answer 20

Tetrology of Fallot

Question 21

what are the 4 featured pathologied of Tetrology of Fallot?

Answer 21

1. Ventricular septal defect (left to right)
2. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
3. Overriding VSD by aorta
4. Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 22

**ID the congenital heart defect: **patient presents with

-Ventricular septal defect (left to right)

-Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)

-Overriding VSD by aorta

-Right ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 22

tetrology of fallot

Question 23

ID the congenital heart defect: the aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle:

Answer 23

transposition of the great vessel

Question 24

if a child is born with transposition of the great vessels, you would hope for what other defect in order to increase survival?

Answer 24

ventricular septal defect

Question 25

what is the most common heart obstruction?

Answer 25

aortic stenosis

Question 26

aortic stenosis is caused by:
aortic stenosis can be present with what?

Answer 26

1. left ventricular HYPOPLASIA:subaortic varient-caused by thick ring of fibrous tissue
   2.systolic murmur w/ thrill:

Question 27

narrowing or constriction of aorta
- associated with turner’s syndrome & patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 27

coarctation of the aorta

Question 28

2 types of type of coarctation of the aorta

Answer 28

• infantile (pre-ductal): right ventricular hypertrophy
• adult (Postductal): more common: left ventricular HYPERTROPHY & Aortic arch and branch vessels dilated

Question 29

**patient presents with an x-ray that exhibits notching of ribs. This is indicative of:

Answer 29

coarctation of the aorta (postductal form)

Question 30

Multisystem inflammatory disorder with major cardiac manifestations and sequellae:

Answer 30

rheumatic fever/disease

Question 31

Classic lesion-Aschoff bodies are associated with what heart disease?

Answer 31

rheumatic fever/ disease

Question 32

rheumatic fever/ disease is diagnosed by using:

Answer 32

jones criteria

Question 33

classic lesion-aschoff bodies are comprised of:

Answer 33