Heart disease in children Flashcards

1
Q

type of congenital heart shunt that mixes de/oxygenated blood, but does not result in cyanosis:

A

left to right shunt

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2
Q

type of congenital heart shunt that mixes de/oxygenated blood and results in cyanosis:

A

right to left shunt

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3
Q

a complete obstruction:

A

atresia

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4
Q

what is the most common congenital cardiac malformation:

A

left to right shunt

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of left to right shunts?

A

Atrial septal defect

Ventricular septal defect

Patent ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

a defect located at level of fossa ovalis will result in a:

A

atrial septal defect

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7
Q

location of atrial septal defect?

A

fossa ovalis

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8
Q

what embryologic structure fails to close resulting in an atrial septal defect:

A

ostium secundrum

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9
Q

clinical manifestations in an adult of pulmonary hypertension and cyanosis are indicative of what heart defect?

A

atrial septal defect

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10
Q

this congenital heart defect causes right atrial & ventricular dilation, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation of pulmonary artery

A

atrial septal defect

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11
Q

what is the most common cardiac anomaly at birth?

A

ventricular septal defect

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12
Q

-this congenital heart defect causes right ventricle dilated & hypertrophied and increased diameter of pulmonary artery

A

ventricular septal defect

(also causes -teratology of Fallot)

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13
Q

the following clinical presentations are symptoms of what congenital heart defect?

-Involves muscular wall

-May lead to pulmonary hypertension

-May eventually lead to right-sided heart failure

-Increased risk for infective endocarditis

-Can be associated with Tetralogy of Fallot

-Late cyanosis can occur

A

ventricular septal defect

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14
Q

this congenital heart defect produces harsh, “machinery-like” murmur:

A

patient ductus arteriosus (PDA)

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15
Q

patients with patient ductus arteriosus can predispose for developing ______

A

infective endocarditis

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16
Q

what are the 2 types of right to left shunts?

A

** Tetralogy of Fallot
**

* Transposition of great vessels

17
Q

patients that are cyanotic at birth may have a ______

A

right to left shunt

18
Q

the following clinical presentations are symptoms of what congenital heart defect?
Clubbing of tips of fingers & toes (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy)

Polycythemia

Paradoxical embolization

Cyanosis

A

Right to left shunt

19
Q

what is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease? and how can it be corrected?

A

tetrology of fallot
can be corrected with surgery

20
Q

this congenital heart disease causes the heart to physically look boot-shaped and enlarged:

A

Tetrology of Fallot

21
Q

what are the 4 featured pathologied of Tetrology of Fallot?

A
  1. Ventricular septal defect (left to right)
  2. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
  3. Overriding VSD by aorta
  4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
22
Q

**ID the congenital heart defect: **patient presents with

-Ventricular septal defect (left to right)

-Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)

-Overriding VSD by aorta

-Right ventricular hypertrophy

A

tetrology of fallot

23
Q

ID the congenital heart defect: the aorta arises from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle:

A

transposition of the great vessel

24
Q

if a child is born with transposition of the great vessels, you would hope for what other defect in order to increase survival?

A

ventricular septal defect

25
Q

what is the most common heart obstruction?

A

aortic stenosis

26
Q

aortic stenosis is caused by:
aortic stenosis can be present with what?

A
  1. left ventricular HYPOPLASIA:subaortic varient-caused by thick ring of fibrous tissue
    2.systolic murmur w/ thrill:
27
Q

narrowing or constriction of aorta
- associated with turner’s syndrome & patent ductus arteriosus

A

coarctation of the aorta

28
Q

2 types of type of coarctation of the aorta

A
  • infantile (pre-ductal): right ventricular hypertrophy
  • adult (Postductal): more common: left ventricular HYPERTROPHY & Aortic arch and branch vessels dilated
29
Q

**patient presents with an x-ray that exhibits notching of ribs. This is indicative of:

A

coarctation of the aorta (postductal form)

30
Q

Multisystem inflammatory disorder with major cardiac manifestations and sequellae:

A

rheumatic fever/disease

31
Q

Classic lesion-Aschoff bodies are associated with what heart disease?

A

rheumatic fever/ disease

32
Q

rheumatic fever/ disease is diagnosed by using:

A

jones criteria

33
Q

classic lesion-aschoff bodies are comprised of:

A