Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Heart Part 1 (sandy) > Heart Decks > Flashcards

Heart Decks Flashcards

1
Q

How big is the heart?

A

about the size of your fist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the weight for the female and male heart?

A

female- 8 ounces male- 10 ounces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the apex or point of the heart rest?

A

on the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much of the heart and where does it point?

A

about 2/3 of the mass of the heart points toward the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

it is a 3 layer sac that the heart sits in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is the tough outer covering that attaches the heart to the diaphragm. I tprotects and anchors the heart and keeps it from over stretching.

A

fibrous percardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The fibrous pericardium is a tough outer covering what does it attach?

A

the heart to the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

protects and anchors the heart and keeps it from over stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many layers is the serous pericardium?

A

2 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

aka the epicardium?

A

visceral (internal) layer of serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the names of the 2 layers of serous pericardium?

A

parietal layer - outer visceral layer (epicardium)- internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This is the space between the 2 layers of the serous membrane that contains the pericardial fluid.

A

pericardial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pericardial cavity and what is in it?

A

the space between the serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layer) that contains the pericardial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

an inflammation of the pericardium due to wear and tear, loss of fluid

A

pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes up the pericardium?

A

fibrous pericardium (1)serous pericardium (2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

epicardium (same as visceral pericardium) myocardium endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

this is the thickest layer of the heart, found in the middle and contains cardiac muscle tissue.

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What layer is the thickest layer of the heart layers?

A

myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is cardiac muscles tissue contained in the myocardium?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

striatedinvoluntarycontains intercalated discs usually uninucleated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This is the innermost layer of the heart (includes the simple squamous epithelium known as the endothelium), this layer is continuous with the entering and exiting blood vessels.

A

endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the endothelium continuous with?

A

the entering and exiting blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What layer is the endothelium?

A

the innermost layer of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many and what are the names of the chambers of the heart?

A

4 chambers: 2 atria (superior chambers) 2 ventricles (inferior chambers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Each atrium has an auricle, what does it allow for?

A

expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the anterior and posterior surfaces like for each atrium?

A

posterior surface is smooth anterior surface is rough due to presence of pectinate muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

this separates the ventricles anteriorly

A

anterior inter ventricular sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a groove on the outside of the heart that encircles most of the heart separating the atria and ventricles.

A

coronary sulcus (aka atrioventricular groove)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the coronary sulcus (aka atrioventricular groove) separate?

A

the atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

separates the ventricles posteriorly

A

posterior interventricular sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is often found in the sulci?

A

blood vessels and variable amounts of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 3 sulci of the external surface of the heart?

A

coronary sulcus (aka atrioventricular groove) anterior interventricular sulcusposterior interventricular sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 5 internal surface of the heart?

A

interatrial septum fossa ovalis foramen ovale interventricular septum trabeculae carneae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Where is the fossa ovals located?

A

in the interatrial septum which separates the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

a hole that is present in the fetal heart that closes just prior to birth. It allows the blood to be shunted away from the under developed lungs.

A

foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

this separates the ventricles

A

interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the ventricles covered with?

A

fibrous projections known as the trabeculae carneae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How many valves do we have in the heart?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Where are the valves located in the heart?

A

2 between atrium and ventricle = atrioventricular 2 that are each between a ventricle and major artery (either aorta or pulmonary artery) =SL or semilunar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located?

A

between the atrium and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where are the SL valves located?

A

between a ventricle and major artery (either aorta or pulmonary artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

because it has 3 valves

A

tricuspid right AV valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

because it has 2 flaps

A

bicuspid (mitral) left AV valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The AV valves are like parachutes with string that are known as what?

A

chordae tendineae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What do the chordae tendineae attach the AV valves too?

A

the papillary muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where do the flaps point when the AV valves are open?

A

the flaps point down into the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The flaps point down into the ventricles when the AV valves are open and where does the blood flow?

A

from the atria to the ventricles

48
Q

What does contraction of the ventricles result in?

A

blood pressure increasing and the pressure of the blood in the ventricles causes the AV valves to close

49
Q

After the contraction of the ventricles and the blood pressure increasing and the pressure of the blood in the ventricles causes the AV valves to close, what happens to the papillary muscles?

A

they contract to take up the slack of the chordae tendineae (heart strings)

50
Q

The structures thhat keep the AV valves from collapsing into the atria are the…..

A

chordae tendineae

51
Q

What are the semilunar valves named for?

A

the 3 half moon shaped cusps

52
Q

located in between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

A

pulmonary (semilunar) valve

53
Q

Where is the pulmonary (semilunar) valve located?

A

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

54
Q

located in between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic (semilunar) valve

55
Q

Where is the aortic (semilunar) valve located?

A

between the left ventricle and the aorta

56
Q

Relaxation of the ventricles causes blood to flow from a great vessel back into the cusps of teh SL valve

A

SL valve function

57
Q

In regards to SL valve function what does relaxation of the ventricles cause?

A

blood to flow from a great vessel back into the cusps of the SL valve

58
Q

damage to the streptococcal infection that results in a misdirected immune response (Type III hypersensitivity) where complement activation results in damage to various connective tissues including heart valves (usually mitral and aortic SL vlves).

A

Rheumatic fever

59
Q

What valves are damaged due to Rheumatic fever?

A

usually mitral and aortic SL valves

60
Q

How many great vessels?

A

5

61
Q

What are the 5 great vessels?

A

superior vena cava inferior vena cava pulmonary trunk aorta pulmonary veins

62
Q

returns blood to the heart from the upper portion of the body (head, neck, upper limbs, and chest)

A

superior vena cava

63
Q

Where does the superior vena cava (SVC) return blood to?

A

the heart from the upper portions of the body (head, neck, upper limbs, and chest)

64
Q

returns blood to the heart from the rest of the trunk, lower limbs and internal organs.

A

inferior vena cava (IVC)

65
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava (IVC) return blood to?

A

the heart from the rest of the trunk, lower limbs, and internal organs

66
Q

carries blood away from the heart toward the lungs (splits into left and right pulmonary arteries)

A

pulmonary trunk

67
Q

Where does the pulmonary trunk carry blood away from?

A

the heart toward the lungs (splits into left and right pulmonary arteries)

68
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk split into?

A

left and right pulmonary arteries

69
Q

a very large artery that carries blood to the body (systemic circuit) and has subsections

A

aorta

70
Q

carry blood from the pulmonary circuit back to the heart

A

pulmonary veins

71
Q

Where does the pulmonary veins carry blood?

A

from the pulmonary circuit back to the heart

72
Q

The heart is really a dual pump that pumps…..

A

two different circuits (pulmonary and systemic)

73
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump blood to?

A

the systemic circuit which supplies reoxygenated blood to the body

74
Q

What side of the heart pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit?

A

right side

75
Q

In the pulmonary circuit where does blood low in oxygen travel?

A

to the lungs to drop off carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen

76
Q

If we trace a drop of blood through the heart: Where does the deoxygenated blood enter and from what 3 vessels?

A

right atrium from coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, and superior vena cava

77
Q

If we trace a drop of blood through the heart: After the deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, and superior vena cava, where does the blood then pass through?

A

the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

78
Q

If we trace a drop of blood through the heart: After the deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, and superior vena cava it passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. Then what does it enter?

A

the pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary (semilunar) valveto the pulmonary trunk which branches into right and left pulmonary arteries

79
Q

After being reoxygenated by the lungs where does the blood return?

A

to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins and into the left atrium then passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle

80
Q

After being reoxygenated by the lungs blood returns to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary veins and into the left atrium then passes through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle. Then where does it go?

A

it exits the heart via the aortic valve to the aorta where it travels to the systemic circuit

81
Q

a remnant structure that was previously a duct but has closed just prior to birth

A

ligamentum arteriosum

82
Q

What does the ductus arteriosum do for the fetal heart?

A

connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta as a means of shunting blood way from the under developed lungs

83
Q

Why does the heart have its own blood vessels?

A

because the walls of the heart are too thick to receive blood directly from the chambers

84
Q

What do the right and left coronary arteries branch off of and what do they do?

A

branch off of the ascending aorta to supply the heart with blood

85
Q

What does the right coronary artery supply?

A

right atrium both ventricles AV and SA nodes (intrinsic cardiac conduction system structures)

86
Q

What does the left coronary artery supply?

A

left ventricle left atrium interventricular septum

87
Q

What are the right coronary artery main branches?

A

posterior interventricular branch one or more marginal arteries

88
Q

What are the left coronary artery main branches?

A

anterior interventricular branch circumflex artery

89
Q

What are located in similarly named sulci?

A

coronary artery branches

90
Q

What varies considerably?

A

coronary artery development

91
Q

Where does 15% of the population have both interventricular branches coming from?

A

the left coronary artery

92
Q

when 2 or more arteries merge to form collateral circulation

A

anastomosis

93
Q

connected to coronary arteries via a network of capillaries to drain deoxygenated blood

A

coronary veins

94
Q

drains the blood supplied by the anterior interventricular artery

A

great cardiac vein

95
Q

drains the blood supplied by the posterior interventricular artery

A

middle cardiac vein

96
Q

drains blood from the posterior right atrium and right ventricle

A

small cardiac vein

97
Q

What does the great cardiac vein drain?

A

the blood supplied by the anterior interventricular artery

98
Q

What does the middle cardiac vein drain?

A

the blood supplied by the posterior interventricular artery

99
Q

What does the small cardiac vein drain?

A

the blood from the posterior right atrium and right ventricle

100
Q

Where do the coronary veins drain and where is that located?

A

into the coronary sinus which is located in the coronary sulcus

101
Q

Where do anterior cardiac veins drain?

A

directly into the right atrium

102
Q

blood flow is toward the heart, usually the blood is low in oxygen but there are exceptions to this rule

A

veins in general

103
Q

In general how to veins flow?

A

toward the heart, usually the blood is low in oxygen

104
Q

What is the exception to the rule of veins flowing toward the heart?

A

pulmonary veins

105
Q

lack of blood to cardiac tissue results in low oxygen (hypoxia). Cardiac cells are weakened in the process

A

myocardial ischemia

106
Q

What results from myocardial ischemia?

A

hypoxia

107
Q

the chest pain caused by the myocardial ischemia

A

angina pectoris

108
Q

a heart attack occurs when the cardiac cells die, the heart is weakened because of the scar tissue in the heart that does not contract

A

myocardial infarction (MI)

109
Q

When does a heart attack (myocardial infarction) occur?

A

when the cardiac cells die

110
Q

Why is the heart weakened due to a myocardial infarction?

A

because of the scar tissue in the heart that does not contract

111
Q

plaques that cause ischemia and MI’s

A

CAD-coronary artery disease

112
Q

hardening, thickening, and weakening of the arteries in general

A

arteriosclerosis

113
Q

cause of arteriosclerosis by the formation of plaques

A

atherosclerosis

114
Q

lesions and deposits on the arteries

A

plaques

115
Q

a new blood vessel is spliced in to go around the blockage

A

CABG-coronary artery bypass grafting

116
Q

catheter is inserted that inflates and squashes the plaque. to prevent blockage from reforming a wire mesh tube called a stent is sometimes inserted

A

PTCA-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

The Heart Part 1 (sandy) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions