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Human Anatomy > Heart, Blood vessels, Arteries, Veins, Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Heart, Blood vessels, Arteries, Veins, Lymphatic system Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart
- Non oxygenated

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2
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood towards the heart
- oxygenated blood

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3
Q

What veins do NOT carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary

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4
Q

Great Vessels

A

Arteries and veins entering/leaving the heart

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5
Q

Functions of the heart

A
  • unidirectional flow of blood
  • back flow of blood
  • Develops blood pressure
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6
Q

Diastolic

A

Heart Relaxes

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7
Q

Systolic

A

Heart contracts

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8
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Left of the body (left of midline), posterior to the sternum in the middle mediastinum

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9
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Transports un-oxygenated blood to lungs to exchange gases

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10
Q

Systematic

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the organs and tissues

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11
Q

What side is the pulmonary at?

A

Right Side

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12
Q

Where is systemic?

A

Left side

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13
Q

Where does the heart occupy?

A

The pericardial sac, located in the middle mediastinum. is located obliquely

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14
Q

What are the four borders of the heart?

A

Inferior (bottom), superior (top), left, right

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15
Q

where is the heart contained at?

A

In a fibrous pericardial sac called the fibrous pericardium

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16
Q

Where does the Parietal pericardium attach?

A

To the inside

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17
Q

What does the pericardium do?

A

Restricts heart movements so that it doesn’t bounce around in the thoracic cabvity

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18
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Tough, dense connective tissue
- attaches to both sternum and diaphragm

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19
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Thin, double layered serous membrane
- parietal and visceral lining

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20
Q

Superficial layer - epicardium

A

Essentially the visceral pericardium

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21
Q

Middle layer - myocardium

A

Contains mitochondria that create energy

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22
Q

Deep (inner) layer - endocardium

A

Primarily connective tissue

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23
Q

What arteries exit the heart at the BASAL surface

A

Pulmonary trunk and aorta

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24
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk do?

A

Carries blood from the right ventricle into the lungs in the circulatory system

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25
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Conducts blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circuit

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26
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

coronary sinus, drains into the right artery

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27
Q

Anterior interventricular sulcus

A

divides the ventricles

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28
Q

Posterior interventricular sulcus

A

Divides the ventricles

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29
Q

Where do the Left and Right coronary arteries travel?

A

in the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)

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30
Q

Where is the marginal artery

A

the right border

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31
Q

Where is the posterior interventricular artery?

A

Left and right ventricles

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32
Q

Anterior interventricular artery

A

Is the anterior surface of both ventricles and septum

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33
Q

Circumflex

A

Supplies the left atrium and ventricle

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34
Q

Where is the fibrous heart skeleton located

A

between the atria and the ventricle

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35
Q

what does the fibrous heart skeleton do?

A

Separates the atria and ventricles
anchors the heart valves

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36
Q

What provides a rigid framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue

A

Fibrous heart skeleton

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37
Q

What does the right atrium recieve and from where

A

Deoxygenated blood, from the systematic circuit and the heart muscle itself

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38
Q

What does the Right AV valve do

A

Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle

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39
Q

What is the Right AV valve also called

A

triscupid

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40
Q

what is a function of the right AV valve

A

It is forced closed when the right ventricle being to contract

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41
Q

What does the right ventricle consist of

A

Interventricular septum
papillary muscles
chorda tendinea

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42
Q

Chordae tendinea

A

attached to papillary muscle
- is the string like structure

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43
Q

Location of semi-lunar valves

A

Located within the walls of both ventricles, immediately before the connection of the ventricles to the pulmonary trunk and aorta

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44
Q

What are the semi-lunar valves composed of

A

3 thin, pocket-like semi-lunar cusps

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45
Q

What happens with the semi-lunar valves

A

As blood is pumped into the arterial trunks, it pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves open

46
Q

What is the left atrium

A

openings for approximately four pulmonary veins

47
Q

What does the left atrium consist of

A

pectinate muscles along its anterior wall as well as an auricle

48
Q

left AV valve

A

Also called the Mitrole valve
Has chordae tendinea

49
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Largest of the four chambers

50
Q

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricular wall

A

it has to push blood further within the body

51
Q

Why does the left ventricle has thick walls

A

in order to generate enough pressure within the blood

52
Q

Arteries

A

Elastic and muscular

53
Q

Capillaries

A

Most of exchange between blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the wall

54
Q

Veins

A

Venules, small veins, medium and large veins

55
Q

What does the capillary wall mostly consist of

A

endothelial cells

56
Q

how big is the capillary wall

A

Only big enough for one blood cell to travel through

57
Q

continuous capillaries

A

ends of endothelial touch

58
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

cells have holes, allows for larger structures to go through

59
Q

sinusoid capillaries

A

large gaps, proteins transported

60
Q

Capillary network

A

Blood flows from arterioles through arteriole then through the metarteriole network

61
Q

What are the structures of arteries and veins

A
  • tunica intima
  • tunica media
  • tunica externa
62
Q

Tunica Intima

A

endothelium - inner

63
Q

Tunica Media

A

Vasoconstriction/vasodilation

64
Q

Tunica externa

A

merges with connective tissue

65
Q

Structures of arteries

A

elastic or conducting arteries, muscular or medium arteries, arterioles

66
Q

Elastic/conducting arteries

A

largest diameters, pressure is high and fluctuates

67
Q

Muscular/medium arteres (distributing)

A

Smooth muscles allow for constricting or dilating

68
Q

Arterioles

A

Small arteries to capillaries

69
Q

Structures of the veins

A
  • Venules and small veins
  • medium and large veins
70
Q

Venules/small veins

A

Tubes or endothelium on delicate basement membrane

71
Q

arteriovenous anastomosis

A

allows blood to flow from arterioles to small veins without passing through capillaries

72
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Moves blood to and from the lungs

73
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

arises from the Right ventricle

74
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Branches of pulmonary trunk witch project to lungs

75
Q

Pulmonary Veins

A

exit each lung and enter left atrium

76
Q

what is the biggest artery

A

The Aorta

77
Q

What does the ascending aorta have to do with blood flow

A

Blood flow increase

78
Q

What does the descending aorta have to do with blood flow

A

Blood flow decreases

79
Q

Three parts of Celiac trunk

A
  1. Left Gastric
  2. Sphenic
  3. Common hepatic
80
Q

what does the lymphatic system do

A

Removes excess fluid from tissues back to the cardiovascular system

81
Q

Lymphatic vessels

A
  • Lymphatic capillaries
  • lymphatic vessels
  • lymphatic trunks
  • lymphatic ducts
82
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Cells found in lymphatic system (in tissue)
- initiates immune respone

83
Q

Lymph nodules

A

collection of lymphatic tissue

84
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Made up of nodules
- is surrounded by a capsule

85
Q

Organs/tissues of the lymphatic system

A

tonsils, spleen, appendix, thymus, MALT

86
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A
  • reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid
  • transports dietary lipids
  • initiates an immune response
87
Q

T-lymphatic cells

A

About 70-85% of lymphocytes
- Matures in the thymus

88
Q

B-lymphatic cells

A

Respond to one particular antigen and causes the production of antibodies
- matures in bone marrow

89
Q

NK cells

A

Can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cnacerous cells

90
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A

Where the lymphatic network begins
- acts with one-way valves to drain lymph

91
Q

Lacteals

A

lymphatic capillary

92
Q

what does lacteals do

A

Pick up interstitial fluid, dietary lipid, and lipid-soluble vitamins

93
Q

5 lymphatic trunks

A
  1. Jugular
  2. Right and left subclavian
  3. Branchio
  4. Intestinal
  5. Lumbar
94
Q

Jugular trunk

A

head and neck

95
Q

Right and left subclavian trunk

A

Upper extremities, breasts

96
Q

Brachio trunk

A

Thorax

97
Q

Intestinal trunk

A

Abdomen

98
Q

Lumbar trunk

A

Pelvis, lower extremities

99
Q

2 lymphatic ducts

A
  1. thoracic
  2. Right lymphatic duct
100
Q

Lymphatic nodules

A

No capsule, filters and attacks antigens

101
Q

Nodules in Mucosa

A

Mucosal
Association
Lymphatic
Tissue

102
Q

Types of lymph nodes

A

Anterior, posterior, axillary, cavity

103
Q

Tonsils

A

large clusters of nodular tissue and extracellular matrix
- not entirely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.

104
Q

What do crypts do

A

Help trap material

105
Q

Protective ring of tonsils

A

Pharyngeal, Palatine, lingual

106
Q

Thymus

A

Continues to grow until puberty
T-cell maturation

107
Q

What happens when the thymus atrophies

A

Becomes almost nonfuncional

108
Q

Spleen

A

largest lymphatic organ in the body

109
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

Below left lung

110
Q

Splenic artery

A

supplies blood into spleen

111
Q

Splenic vein

A

Carries blood out of spleen, drains into portal vein

112
Q

Heart Highway

A

Deoxygenated blood enters into the right atrium, then travels through the right AV valve into the right ventricle. It then travels through the pulmonary semi-lunar valve into the pulmonary trunk, where the pulmonary arteries will transport the deoxygenated blood into the lungs. When the blood leaves the lungs through the pulmonary veins, it is now oxygenated. It then travels into the left atrium before it passes through the left AV valve ventricle. It then goes through the aortic semi-lunar valve into the aorta where the blood gets pushed between the body cells and gas exchange occurs. the blood then enters the systematic veins and drains into the inferior and superior vena cava

Human Anatomy (2 decks)

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