Heart, Blood vessels, Arteries, Veins, Lymphatic system Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Arteries
A
Carry blood away from the heart
- Non oxygenated
2
Q
Veins
A
Carry blood towards the heart
- oxygenated blood
3
Q
What veins do NOT carry oxygenated blood?
A
pulmonary
4
Q
Great Vessels
A
Arteries and veins entering/leaving the heart
5
Q
Functions of the heart
A
- unidirectional flow of blood
- back flow of blood
- Develops blood pressure
6
Q
Diastolic
A
Heart Relaxes
7
Q
Systolic
A
Heart contracts
8
Q
Where is the heart located?
A
Left of the body (left of midline), posterior to the sternum in the middle mediastinum
9
Q
Pulmonary artery
A
Transports un-oxygenated blood to lungs to exchange gases
10
Q
Systematic
A
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the organs and tissues
11
Q
What side is the pulmonary at?
A
Right Side
12
Q
Where is systemic?
A
Left side
13
Q
Where does the heart occupy?
A
The pericardial sac, located in the middle mediastinum. is located obliquely
14
Q
What are the four borders of the heart?
A
Inferior (bottom), superior (top), left, right
15
Q
where is the heart contained at?
A
In a fibrous pericardial sac called the fibrous pericardium
16
Q
Where does the Parietal pericardium attach?
A
To the inside
17
Q
What does the pericardium do?
A
Restricts heart movements so that it doesn’t bounce around in the thoracic cabvity
18
Q
Fibrous Pericardium
A
Tough, dense connective tissue
- attaches to both sternum and diaphragm
19
Q
Serous Pericardium
A
Thin, double layered serous membrane
- parietal and visceral lining
20
Q
Superficial layer - epicardium
A
Essentially the visceral pericardium
21
Q
Middle layer - myocardium
A
Contains mitochondria that create energy
22
Q
Deep (inner) layer - endocardium
A
Primarily connective tissue
23
Q
What arteries exit the heart at the BASAL surface
A
Pulmonary trunk and aorta
24
Q
What does the pulmonary trunk do?
A
Carries blood from the right ventricle into the lungs in the circulatory system
25
What does the aorta do?
Conducts blood from the left ventricle into the systemic circuit
26
Coronary sulcus
coronary sinus, drains into the right artery
27
Anterior interventricular sulcus
divides the ventricles
28
Posterior interventricular sulcus
Divides the ventricles
29
Where do the Left and Right coronary arteries travel?
in the coronary sulcus (atrioventricular groove)
30
Where is the marginal artery
the right border
31
Where is the posterior interventricular artery?
Left and right ventricles
32
Anterior interventricular artery
Is the anterior surface of both ventricles and septum
33
Circumflex
Supplies the left atrium and ventricle
34
Where is the fibrous heart skeleton located
between the atria and the ventricle
35
what does the fibrous heart skeleton do?
Separates the atria and ventricles
anchors the heart valves
36
What provides a rigid framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue
Fibrous heart skeleton
37
What does the right atrium recieve and from where
Deoxygenated blood, from the systematic circuit and the heart muscle itself
38
What does the Right AV valve do
Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
39
What is the Right AV valve also called
triscupid
40
what is a function of the right AV valve
It is forced closed when the right ventricle being to contract
41
What does the right ventricle consist of
Interventricular septum
papillary muscles
chorda tendinea
42
Chordae tendinea
attached to papillary muscle
- is the string like structure
43
Location of semi-lunar valves
Located within the walls of both ventricles, immediately before the connection of the ventricles to the pulmonary trunk and aorta
44
What are the semi-lunar valves composed of
3 thin, pocket-like semi-lunar cusps
45
What happens with the semi-lunar valves
As blood is pumped into the arterial trunks, it pushes against the cusps, forcing the valves open
46
What is the left atrium
openings for approximately four pulmonary veins
47
What does the left atrium consist of
pectinate muscles along its anterior wall as well as an auricle
48
left AV valve
Also called the Mitrole valve
Has chordae tendinea
49
Left Ventricle
Largest of the four chambers
50
Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricular wall
it has to push blood further within the body
51
Why does the left ventricle has thick walls
in order to generate enough pressure within the blood
52
Arteries
Elastic and muscular
53
Capillaries
Most of exchange between blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the wall
54
Veins
Venules, small veins, medium and large veins
55
What does the capillary wall mostly consist of
endothelial cells
56
how big is the capillary wall
Only big enough for one blood cell to travel through
57
continuous capillaries
ends of endothelial touch
58
fenestrated capillaries
cells have holes, allows for larger structures to go through
59
sinusoid capillaries
large gaps, proteins transported
60
Capillary network
Blood flows from arterioles through arteriole then through the metarteriole network
61
What are the structures of arteries and veins
- tunica intima
- tunica media
- tunica externa
62
Tunica Intima
endothelium - inner
63
Tunica Media
Vasoconstriction/vasodilation
64
Tunica externa
merges with connective tissue
65
Structures of arteries
elastic or conducting arteries, muscular or medium arteries, arterioles
66
Elastic/conducting arteries
largest diameters, pressure is high and fluctuates
67
Muscular/medium arteres (distributing)
Smooth muscles allow for constricting or dilating
68
Arterioles
Small arteries to capillaries
69
Structures of the veins
- Venules and small veins
- medium and large veins
70
Venules/small veins
Tubes or endothelium on delicate basement membrane
71
arteriovenous anastomosis
allows blood to flow from arterioles to small veins without passing through capillaries
72
Pulmonary circulation
Moves blood to and from the lungs
73
Pulmonary trunk
arises from the Right ventricle
74
Pulmonary arteries
Branches of pulmonary trunk witch project to lungs
75
Pulmonary Veins
exit each lung and enter left atrium
76
what is the biggest artery
The Aorta
77
What does the ascending aorta have to do with blood flow
Blood flow increase
78
What does the descending aorta have to do with blood flow
Blood flow decreases
79
Three parts of Celiac trunk
1. Left Gastric
2. Sphenic
3. Common hepatic
80
what does the lymphatic system do
Removes excess fluid from tissues back to the cardiovascular system
81
Lymphatic vessels
- Lymphatic capillaries
- lymphatic vessels
- lymphatic trunks
- lymphatic ducts
82
Lymphocytes
Cells found in lymphatic system (in tissue)
- initiates immune respone
83
Lymph nodules
collection of lymphatic tissue
84
Lymph nodes
Made up of nodules
- is surrounded by a capsule
85
Organs/tissues of the lymphatic system
tonsils, spleen, appendix, thymus, MALT
86
Function of lymphatic system
- reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid
- transports dietary lipids
- initiates an immune response
87
T-lymphatic cells
About 70-85% of lymphocytes
- Matures in the thymus
88
B-lymphatic cells
Respond to one particular antigen and causes the production of antibodies
- matures in bone marrow
89
NK cells
Can kill a wide variety of infected cells and some cnacerous cells
90
Lymphatic capillaries
Where the lymphatic network begins
- acts with one-way valves to drain lymph
91
Lacteals
lymphatic capillary
92
what does lacteals do
Pick up interstitial fluid, dietary lipid, and lipid-soluble vitamins
93
5 lymphatic trunks
1. Jugular
2. Right and left subclavian
3. Branchio
4. Intestinal
5. Lumbar
94
Jugular trunk
head and neck
95
Right and left subclavian trunk
Upper extremities, breasts
96
Brachio trunk
Thorax
97
Intestinal trunk
Abdomen
98
Lumbar trunk
Pelvis, lower extremities
99
2 lymphatic ducts
1. thoracic
2. Right lymphatic duct
100
Lymphatic nodules
No capsule, filters and attacks antigens
101
Nodules in Mucosa
Mucosal
Association
Lymphatic
Tissue
102
Types of lymph nodes
Anterior, posterior, axillary, cavity
103
Tonsils
large clusters of nodular tissue and extracellular matrix
- not entirely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule.
104
What do crypts do
Help trap material
105
Protective ring of tonsils
Pharyngeal, Palatine, lingual
106
Thymus
Continues to grow until puberty
T-cell maturation
107
What happens when the thymus atrophies
Becomes almost nonfuncional
108
Spleen
largest lymphatic organ in the body
109
Where is the spleen located
Below left lung
110
Splenic artery
supplies blood into spleen
111
Splenic vein
Carries blood out of spleen, drains into portal vein
112
Heart Highway
Deoxygenated blood enters into the right atrium, then travels through the right AV valve into the right ventricle. It then travels through the pulmonary semi-lunar valve into the pulmonary trunk, where the pulmonary arteries will transport the deoxygenated blood into the lungs. When the blood leaves the lungs through the pulmonary veins, it is now oxygenated. It then travels into the left atrium before it passes through the left AV valve ventricle. It then goes through the aortic semi-lunar valve into the aorta where the blood gets pushed between the body cells and gas exchange occurs. the blood then enters the systematic veins and drains into the inferior and superior vena cava
