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PHYSIOLOGY > Heart As A Pump > Flashcards

Heart As A Pump Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary circuit (pumps blood to the lungs)

A

Right Atrium & Ventricle side

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2
Q

Systemic circuit (pumps blood to the body)

A

Left Atrium and Ventricle side

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3
Q

Separates the 2 chambers of the heart

A

Fibrous Skeleton

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4
Q

What are the 2 functions of the fibrous skeleton?

A

1) anchor the heart down

2) electrically insulates

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5
Q

Why is it important for the atria and ventricles to be covered by an insulating fibrous skeleton?

A

Makes it so the atria and ventricles don’t contract at the same time. This is only possible if there is something to insulate the 2 wave contractions

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6
Q

What are the 3 major types of cardiac mm?

A

1) atria mm
2) ventricle mm
3) specialized excitatory and conductive mm fibers

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7
Q

Characteristics of Cardia mm

A
  • striated (due to actin and myosin filaments)

- mm fibers are shorter and branch more

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8
Q

Electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every direction, so that the myocardium functions as a single contractile unit

A

Synctium

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9
Q

3 junctions that are special for cardiac mm and allow it to act as a synctium

A
  • intercalated discs
  • gap junctions
  • desmosome junctions
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10
Q

It separates individual cardiac mm cells from one another. At each disc, they form “communicating” gap junctions

A

Intercalated discs

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11
Q

What is the function of gap junctions?

A

Electrical junctions: they allow for rapid electrical diffusion of ions

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12
Q

Function of desmosome

A

Mechanical Junctions : resist mechanical stress because they are strongly adhesive

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13
Q

These are localized patches that hold 2 cells together.

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

These are attached to intermediate filaments of keratin in the cytoplasm

A

Desmosomes

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15
Q

It is the mechanism by which an action potential of any kind causes the myofibrils of a mm to contract

A

Excitation-contraction Coupling

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16
Q

Does cardiac mm use t-tubules or caveolae?

A

T-tubules

17
Q

Once there is full Ca++ buildup in the cell, does the Ca++ interact with calmodulin or troponin?

A

Troponin

18
Q

What channels are prominent in the AP of Cardiac mm?

A
  • fast opening sodium channels (for spike)

- slow calcium channels (for plateau)

19
Q

Aside from presence of the slow opening of Ca++ channels, what is another reason that plateau is possible?

A

Immediately after the onset of AP the permeability of the cardiac mm membrane.

Decreases a lot for K+

20
Q

Specialized fibers of the heart aid the conduction of the signal, not contraction.

A

Purkinje fibers

21
Q

Velocity of the AP varies in the Atrium and Ventricles but this aid to conduct the speed of the potential thru the heart.

A

Purkinjie Fibers

22
Q

The interval of time during which a normal cardiac impulse cannot re-excite an already excited mm

A

Refractory Period

23
Q

Immediately follows the AP and is at the end of the refractory period

A

Relative Refractory Period

24
Q

It is a period during which the mm os even more difficult to excite and only very very strong excitatory signals will effect it

A

Relative Refractory Period

25
Q

Very very strong signals which can affect the relative refractory period cause what?

A

Early “premature” contraction

26
Q

The beginning of one heart beat to the beginning of the rest

A

The cardiac cycle

27
Q

Phase of relaxation

A

Diastole

28
Q

Phase of contraction

A

Systole

29
Q

How are spontaneous mm AP generated in cardiac mm?

A

By the Sinoatrial node

30
Q

Another reason why the atria contract together before the ventricles contract together

A

SA Node (Sinus node/ sinoatrial node)

31
Q

Why are the atrias considered primer pumps?

A

Great veins dump all the blood in the atria. About 80% of the blood flows directly thru the atria into the ventricles before it even begins contracting

32
Q

Pressure changes in the atria are denoted by which waves?

A

A-wave
C-wave
V-wave

33
Q

A-wave is caused by?

A

Atrial contraction

34
Q

C-wave is caused by?

A

Ventricular contraction and bulging of the valve

35
Q

V-wave os caused by?

A

Build up of blood returning to atrial from veins

36
Q

Why are the ventricles considered to be the pumps?

A

The atrias are not absolutely not necessary since blood flows right from the atria into the vetricles

37
Q

The filling of ventricles occurs during….?

A

Diastole

38
Q

The filling of the ventricular pumps occurs in 3 stages…

A
  • period of rapid filling
  • slower filling
  • atria contracts (atrial systole)
39
Q

https://quizlet.com/69240913/physiology-the-heart-as-a-pump-flash-cards/

A

Okay!

PHYSIOLOGY (1 decks)

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