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heart function > heart as a pump > Flashcards

heart as a pump Flashcards

1
Q

describe the right side of the heart

A

thin muscular wall

works at low pressure

RV pumps blood into the pulmonary circulatory system whet oxygen taken up, carbon eliminated

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2
Q

describe left side of the heart

A

thicker muscular wall

higher blood pressure

LV pumps blood into the systemic circulatory system for delivery to the limbs and organs

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3
Q

resting state amount of blood circulating

A

about 5 litres per minute

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4
Q

define

  1. myocardium
  2. pericardium
  3. endothelium
A
  1. cardiac muscle
  2. covered by epithelial sac called pericardium
  3. inner surface facing the blood
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5
Q

conducts blood away from the heart

A

aorta and pulmonic artery

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6
Q

returns blood to the heart

A

pulmonary veins and vena cava

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7
Q

describe function pulmonic and aortic valves

A

respond passively to pressure gradients

prevent backflow from arteries into relaxing ventricles

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8
Q

describe AV valves

A

mitral: 2 leaf, higher pressure left ventricle
tricuspid: 3 leaf, lower pressure right ventricle

tethered to ventricle wall by tendon like cords and papillary muscle

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9
Q

systole

A

period of contraction

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10
Q

diastole

A

period of relaxation

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11
Q

cardiac cycle begins at

A

diastole

ventricles relax and fill with blood

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12
Q

AV valves are

A

open

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13
Q

following stage of heart cycle (4 parts)

A

P wave
depolarisation of atria
contraction
blood ejected from ventricles

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14
Q

when ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure AV valves

A

close

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15
Q

last 20% of ventricular filling cause by

A

contraction of atria

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16
Q

systole begins with

A

QRS complex

depolarisation of ventricles

17
Q
  1. when ventricles start to contract all valves are….
  2. this causes…
  3. this is called
  4. does blood volume change?
A
  1. closed
  2. increased ventricle pressure
  3. isovolumic contraction
  4. no
18
Q
  1. increased pressure opens

2. this causes

A
  1. pulmonic and aortic arteries

2. blood to be ejected

19
Q

following ejection of blood from ventricles

A
  1. myocardium relaxes

2. pressure falls

20
Q

pulmonic and aortic arteries close when

A

ventricular pressure is less than that in the pulmonic and aortic arteries

21
Q

describe what happens during isovolumic relaxation

A
  1. with all 4 valves closed ventricles relax further

2. with pressure in ventricles less that atria, AV valves open and blood flows passively into ventricles.

22
Q

EDV

A

end diastolic volume

volume of blood left in the ventricles at the end of ventricular relaxation

about 125ml (LV)

23
Q

SV

A

stoke volume

volume of blood ejected from the ventricles

about 70ml

24
Q

ESV

A

end systolic volume

blood remaining in the vetricle at the end of ventricular contractin

about 55ml

25
Q

CO

A

Cardiac output

volume of blood ejected by ventricle over a period of time

CO= SVxHR
for example
CO 5L= SV 70ml per beat xHR 70 beats per min

26
Q

EF

A

ejection fraction

efficiency of the heart

SV / EDV x 100 = EF (%)

27
Q

force of cardiac contraction increased by

A
  1. cardiac muscle fibre length at beginning of contraction

2. contractility of muscle fibre

28
Q

Frank-Starling relationship

  1. length of cardiac muscle fibre dependent upon
  2. stretch ….
A
  1. volume of blood in ventricle

2. increases overlap of actin and myosin to optimal length and contractile force increases

29
Q

Preload

A

degree of stretch in myocardium before contraction

30
Q

an increase in preload filling will

A
  1. Raise EDV

2. increase pressure generated (systolic pressur)

31
Q

4 factors that can increase venous return (EDV)

A
  1. Skelatal Muscle Pump
  2. Respiratory Pump
  3. Sympathetic Nervous System
  4. Increase in blood volume (doping)
32
Q

and inotropic agent…

examples of inotopic agents

A

affect cardiac contractility

epinephrine norepinephine

heart function (2 decks)

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