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B2 topic 8: Exchange and transport > Heart and blood > Flashcards

Heart and blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the job of red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen around the body

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2
Q

What is the job of white blood cells?

A

Fighting infection

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3
Q

What is the job of plasma?

A

contains dissolved nutrients and waste products, to be transported around the body

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4
Q

What is the job of platelets?

A

Blood clotting

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5
Q

What do arteries do?

A

take blood from the heart to parts of the body

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6
Q

What do veins do?

A

take blood from parts of the body back to the heart

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7
Q

What do capillaries do?

A

Site of material exchange between blood and cells

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8
Q

Describe arteries

A

Thick vessel wall with thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres. Narrow lumen. No veins

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9
Q

Describe veins

A

thinner vessel wall with less muscle and elastic tissue than arteries. Wide lumen. Contains valves

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10
Q

Describe capillaries

A

wall only one cell thick. Very narrow lumen

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11
Q

What is the function of valves in veins and the heart?

A

Only open one way, keeps blood flowing in one direction

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12
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?

A

Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle.

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13
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?

A

vena cava

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14
Q

which blood vessel carries blood from the lungs to the heart?

A

pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

pulmonary artery

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16
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the body?

A

Aorta

17
Q

Why is the left side of the heart bigger than the right?

A

blood from the left of the heart needs to be pumped to the whole body at high pressure, whereas blood from the right is only pumped to the lungs

18
Q

Which is the only artery in the body to contain deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary artery

19
Q

Which is the only vein in the body to contain oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary vein

20
Q

What happens to blood in the lungs?

A

becomes oxygenated, oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out

21
Q

What happens to heart rate during exercise?

A

It increases

22
Q

Why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

because muscles need more energy to contract so respire more. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen which is provided by blood pumped from the heart.

23
Q

Starting with the vena cava, describe the route of blood through the heart.

A

vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta

24
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood the heart pumps into the aorta each time it beats

25
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

The volume of blood the heart pumps into the aorta in one minute

26
Q

How is cardiac output calculated?

A

cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

B2 topic 8: Exchange and transport (2 decks)

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