Heart and blood Flashcards
What is the job of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen around the body
What is the job of white blood cells?
Fighting infection
What is the job of plasma?
contains dissolved nutrients and waste products, to be transported around the body
What is the job of platelets?
Blood clotting
What do arteries do?
take blood from the heart to parts of the body
What do veins do?
take blood from parts of the body back to the heart
What do capillaries do?
Site of material exchange between blood and cells
Describe arteries
Thick vessel wall with thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres. Narrow lumen. No veins
Describe veins
thinner vessel wall with less muscle and elastic tissue than arteries. Wide lumen. Contains valves
Describe capillaries
wall only one cell thick. Very narrow lumen
What is the function of valves in veins and the heart?
Only open one way, keeps blood flowing in one direction
What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?
Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle.
Which blood vessel carries blood from the body to the heart?
vena cava
which blood vessel carries blood from the lungs to the heart?
pulmonary vein
Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs?
pulmonary artery
Which blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta
Why is the left side of the heart bigger than the right?
blood from the left of the heart needs to be pumped to the whole body at high pressure, whereas blood from the right is only pumped to the lungs
Which is the only artery in the body to contain deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary artery
Which is the only vein in the body to contain oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
What happens to blood in the lungs?
becomes oxygenated, oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out
What happens to heart rate during exercise?
It increases
Why does heart rate increase during exercise?
because muscles need more energy to contract so respire more. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen which is provided by blood pumped from the heart.
Starting with the vena cava, describe the route of blood through the heart.
vena cava > right atrium > right ventricle > pulmonary artery > lungs > pulmonary vein > left atrium > left ventricle > aorta
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood the heart pumps into the aorta each time it beats
