Heart Anatomy Flashcards
How many valves are in the heart?
Four (Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral, Aortic)
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
What are chordae tendineae and what is their function?
Fibrous cords that connect AV valves to papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during systole.
What causes the first heart sound (S1)?
Closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever
Which valve disorder is associated with a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur?
Aortic stenosis
What is TAVR?
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement — a minimally invasive treatment for aortic stenosis
What valve disorder causes a diastolic decrescendo murmur and wide pulse pressure?
Aortic regurgitation
Which valve is replaced during TAVR procedures?
Aortic valve
Which murmur is best heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla?
Mitral regurgitation
Which valve is most commonly affected in rheumatic heart disease?
Mitral valve
What is the most common congenital heart valve abnormality?
Bicuspid aortic valve
What is the role of papillary muscles in valve function?
Anchor chordae tendineae to prevent valve prolapse.
Which murmur increases with Valsalva maneuver?
Mitral valve prolapse
A late diastolic rumble with an opening snap is heard best at the apex. Diagnosis?
Mitral stenosis
Which of the following valves does NOT have chordae tendineae?
Aortic valve
What valve abnormality is classically associated with Marfan syndrome?
Mitral valve prolapse
Which valve lesion typically causes a ‘blowing’ early diastolic murmur?
Aortic regurgitation
Which chamber enlarges in chronic mitral regurgitation?
Left atrium
What is the most common indication for surgical valve replacement?
Aortic stenosis
