Heart Anatomy 1 Flashcards
What are the Ryan’s of the cardiovascular system
Heart - pump
Arteries - supply
Capillaries - exchange with tissues
Veins/lymphatics - drainage
Outline the composition of vascular tissues
Connective tissues
Cells - epithelia and muscle
Outline epithelia and muscle cells in the cardiovascular system
Epithelia - barriers between environments, prevents coagulation/clotting
Muscle - cardiac muscle (heart), smooth muscle (lines artery/vein walls)
Outline the 2 parts of cardiovascular anatomy
Blood vascular system - closed supply/drainage system. A continuous loop
Lymphatic (vascular) system - open entry drainage system. A one way system
Outline the pathway of the blood vascular system
Heart - arteries (supply) - capillaries (tissue exchange) - veins/lymphatics (drainage) - heart
Outline the pulmonary circuit
Right ventricle, lungs (re gassed), left ventricle, then on to systemic circulation
Outline the supply side of the cardiovascular system
- Arteries are the only supply path
- Major arteries are situated to avoid damage (deep in trunk, flexor aspects of limbs)
- Important structures often receive supply from two sources (2 artery’s per hand, 4 for brain)
- Arteries change there name at each major branch
Why are major arteries situated deep
Blood is carried under high pressure, hence damage to artery can lead to rapid loss of blood. Deep/flexor aspect location allows for protection of larger major arteries from damage
Outline the exchange network of the cardiovascular system
Capillaries of varying degrees of permeability
- Continuous (controlled/tight)
- Fenestrated (leaky)
- Sinusoidal (very leaky)
Outline the drainage aspect of cardiovascular system
3 pathways for drainage
- Deep veins (follow arterial supply)
- Superficial veins (also small arteries supply skin, no large arteries
- Lymphatics
Cross sectional area of veins is at least twice that of arteries to achieve the same flow rate
Outline heart shape
Blunt, cone shaped
Pointed end - apex
Broad end - base
Outline base and apex location of heart, rotation of heart, and location along midline
Base is located between 2nd and 3rd ribs. Apex is located between 5th and 6th ribs.
Heart is rotated left, with the pause tilted posteriorly such that apex beats agains anterior chest wall
Heard is located 2/3 left of midline
