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Heart Activity > Heart Activity > Flashcards

Heart Activity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscle cells of the heart called?

A

Cardiomyocytes

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2
Q

Are cardiomyocytes striated or smooth?

A

Striated

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3
Q

Name the stages of the cardiac conduction system.

A
  1. The sinoartrial node (SA node)
  2. The atrioventricular node (AV node)
  3. The Bundle of His
  4. The Left and Right Bundle Branches
  5. The Purkinje fibres
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4
Q

Describe the process of the cardiac conduction system.

A
  1. The electrical impulse that causes rhythmic contraction of heart muscles arises in the SA node.
  2. From the SA node, the impulse spreads over the atrial muscles causing atrial contraction.
  3. The impulse is also conducted to the AV node.
  4. From the AV node the electrical impulse is conducted to ventricular muscles via the bundle of His, the bundle branches and the Purkinjie fibres
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5
Q

What is systole?

A

The period of contraction

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6
Q

What is diastole?

A

The period of relaxation

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7
Q

What is complete diastole?

A

Relaxation of the atria and ventricles

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8
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle.

A

The RA receives venous blood from the body through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

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9
Q

Describe atrial systole.

A

It is the contraction of the heart muscle of the left and right atria.

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10
Q

Describe ventricular systole.

A

This represents the period during which the left and right ventricles contract and eject blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery.

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11
Q

Describe diastole.

A

It is where atria and ventricles are relaxed and the myocardium is recovering.

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12
Q

Describe the sequence of the atrial systole.

A
  1. The SA node sends electrical impulses to the atria,causing depolarization of the atrial muscle.
  2. This depolarisation causes the atria muscles to contract.
  3. This causes the ventricles to fill with more blood
  4. The electrical signal that causes contraction moves from the atria and reaches the AV node. The AV node delays the signal so that the ventricle can contract all at once rather than a little bit at a time.
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13
Q

Describe the sequence of the ventricular systole.

A
  1. Prior to systole, the electrical signal passes from the AV node down the AV bundle of His, to the purkinje fibres.
  2. The fibres allow the fast spread of the electrical signal to all parts of the ventricles.
  3. The electrical signal depolarises the ventricular muscles.
  4. The ventricles contract and blood is squeezed into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle and the dorsal aorta from the left ventricle.
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14
Q

Describe what an ECG is.

A

It is a non-invasive trans-thoracic graphic produced by an electrocardiograph. The ECG records the electrical activity of the heart over time.

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15
Q

What is a sinus rhythm?

A

A sinus rhythm is the name given to the normal rhythm of the heart where electrical stimuli are initiated in the SA node, and are then conducted through the AV node and Bundle of His, Bundle branches and Purkinje fibres.

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the P wave?

A
  1. The P wave is caused by depolarization of atrial muscle .
  2. The electrical impulses from the SA node spreads over the right and left atria to cause atria depolarisation.
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the QRS wave?

A
  1. The QRS complex is caused by depolarisation of the ventricular muscle.
  2. The electrical impulses from the AV node spreads to the left and right ventricles via the bundle branches and purkinje fibres.
18
Q

What are the characteristics of the T wave.

A
  1. The T wave represents ventricular repolarisation immediately after diastole.
19
Q

What effects does digoxin have on the heart?

A

It can slow the heart rate and help the heart beat more regularly.

20
Q

What is the name of the group of modified cardiac muscle cells that delays action potentials between the atria and the atrio-ventricular bundle?

A

AV node

21
Q

P waves on the ECG indicated electrical activity at the……?

A

Atria

Heart Activity (1 decks)

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