Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy - Charis > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Boundary of the heart

A

a) 3 cc, 1cm from sternal border
b) 6 cc, 1cm from sternal border
c) 5 ICS to apex beat at MC line
d) 2 ICS 2.5 cm from sternal border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Living anatomy - where is the nipple found in males and prepubertal females?

A

4th ICS lateral to midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Base of breast in females?

A

between 2nd and 6th ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pericardium layers

A

Fibrous
Serous
patieral + viscreal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical relevance of the transverse pericardial sinus

A

It can be used to identify and subsequently ligate (to tie off) the arteries of the heart during coronary artery bypass grafting.

When the pericardium is opened anteriorly, a finger is placed in the transverse sinus to separate the arteries from the veins. A hand placed under the apex of the heart and moved superiorly enters the oblique pericardial sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Location of the transverse pericardial sinus

A

Posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Anterior to the superior vena cava.
Superior to the left atrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures does the transverse pericardial sinus surround?

A

Aorta, pulmonary trunk (anteriorly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What structures does the oblique pericardial sinus surround?

A

SVC, IVC, pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Location of the oblique pericardial sinus

A

Posterior to left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the valves located behind the sternum?

A

Pulmonary - 3CC
Aortic - 3ICS
Tricuspid-4ICS
Mitral - 4CC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where would you auscultate for the pulmonary valve?

A

2 ICS LEFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where would you auscultate for the aortic valve?

A

2 ICS RIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve?

A

5 costo sternal border RIGHT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where would you auscultate for the mitral valve?

A

5 ICS at apex beat - LEFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

From which 3 vessels an blood enter the heart?

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

embryological remnant of the foramen ovale, which in the foetus allowed oxygenated blood from the IVC (oxygenated from the mother) to pass directly to the left atrium and bypass the nonfunctional lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are crista terminalis in the R and L atria?

A

R smooth muscular ridge beginning at the roof of the right atrium and extending down to the anterior lip of the IVC. It separates the right atrium into 2 spaces

L no crista terminalis-no distinct structure that separates the halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which are the three cusps of the tricuspid vale?

A

Anterior
Septal
Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are papillary muscles attached to? (2)

A

Chordae tendinae and traberculae carneae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which are the three cusps of the pulmonary vale?

A

Left
Right
Anterior semilunar cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does the pulmonary valve work?

A

After ventricular contraction, the recoil of the blood fills these sinuses and forces the cusps closed, preventing backflow into the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles during ventricular contraction?

A

Keep the valve closed

Chordae tendinae - cusps have these projections which attach to papillary muscles within the ventricle wall

Papillary muscles - contract and pull on the chordae tendinae, this prevents eversion of the tricuspid valve cusps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is the foramen ovale found?

A

depression in the interatrial septum of the L atrium. During development this is open to allow blood flow from R–> L ventricle

24
Q

Which are the two halves of the left atrium?

A

Posterior half - inflow portion which receives blood from the 4 pulmonary veins

Anterior half-continuous with the left auricle

25
Q

Which are the three cusps of the mitral vale?

A

anterior + posterior

26
Q

Which are the three cusps of the aortic vale?

A

Right
Left
Posterior semilunar cusps

27
Q

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate from?

A

Aortic sinuses

28
Q

What are sulci?

A

Internal partitions separating the chambers of the heart that are reflected as grooves (sulci) on the surface of the heart

29
Q

Which are the two types of sulci?

A

Coronary - separating atria from ventricles

Atrioventricular - separating the ventricles from each other

30
Q

Right coronary artery + branches

A

Right coronary artery
Sino-atrial nodal artery
Right marginal artery
Right posterior descending artery

31
Q

Left coronary artery + branches

A

Left coronary artery
Circumflex branch of left coronary artery
Left anterior descending artery

32
Q 
Which arteries supply he 
posterior
inferior
anterior
lateral
parts of the heart?
A

posterior + inferior: PDA

anterior: LAD
lateral: circumflex

33
Q

Which structures do the right coronary artery and branches supply?

A

Right atrium + ventricle
SAN, AVN
posteroinferior 1/3 of interventricular septum
some of the posterior part of the left ventricle

34
Q

Which structures do the left coronary artery and branches supply?

A

Left atrium + ventricle

Atrioventricular branches and bundles

35
Q

Which structures does the LAD supply?

A

anterior interventricular septum

left ventricle

36
Q

Which structures does the circumflex supply?

A

left atrium

posterolateral part of the left ventricle

37
Q

which branch arises from the left circumflex artery?

A

left marginal artery

38
Q

What are the main differences between right dominant coronary artery and left dominant coronary artery?

A

Sino-atrial nodal branch

Posterior descending artery

39
Q

What does severity of myocardial infarction depend on?

A

Size and location of artery
Size of blockage
Whether there are collateral blood vessels

40
Q

List 5 symptoms of MI

A

severe crushing chest pain
sweating
nausea
pain radiating to arms (more commonly left)

41
Q

Where do the coronary veins drain?

A

Coronary sinus

42
Q

Which vein eventually forms the coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac vein

43
Q

Which course of coronary arteries does the great cardiac vein follow?

A

LAD

circumflex

44
Q

Which course of coronary arteries does the middle cardiac vein follow?

A

posterior descending artery

45
Q

Which course of coronary arteries does the small cardiac vein follow?

A

right coronary artery

46
Q

Where do each of the cardiac veins drain from? +course

A

great and middle = from apex up the interventricular sulcus
small=lower anterior end of the coronary sulcus + travels along the base of the heart
posterior= posterior end of left ventricle

47
Q

Where do the small and posterior coronary arteries drain?

A 
Small = drains at the distal end of the coronary sulcus
Middle = drains directly in coronary sulcus or joins the great cardiac vein
48
Q

Course of phrenic nerve on the right vs on the left

A

Right: over aortic arch
Left: Lateral to IVC

49
Q

Function of phrenic nerve

A

Sensory: diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, pericardium
Motor: diaphragm

50
Q

Visceral efferents (motor) of vagus nerve

A

Visceral efferents to cardiac muscle, glands of gut & airways

51
Q

Visceral afferents (sensory) of vagus nerve

A

Visceral afferents relay normal physiological processes and reflexes to CNS. NOT pain

52
Q

Course of the vagus nerve

A

Arises from the medulla of the brainstem as cranial nerve 10 (CN X)
Descends down the neck posterolateral to the common carotids
Left vagus: crosses anterior to aortic arch and then posterior to left lung root
Right vagus: passes posterior to right lung root
Both vagus nerves form a plexus around the oesophagus and then turn into oesophageal/gastric nerves
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve:
Passes inferior and under the aortic arch and travels in a groove between the oesophagus and trachea to the neck
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve:
Passes under the right subclavian artery and travels upwards to the neck

53
Q

Parasympahetic innervation to the heart

Efferents vs afferents

A

Efferents: decrease heart rate, decrease contraction, constrict coronary arteries
afferents: relay cardiac reflexes

54
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the heart

Efferents vs afferents

A

Efferents: increase heart rate, increase contraction
Afferents: pain sensation from the heart

55
Q

Differences in afferent innervation of heart parasympthetic vs sympathetic

A

Parasympathetic: relays cardiac reflexes
Sympathetic: relays cardiac pain

Anatomy - Charis (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions