heart Flashcards
What is the cardiac cycle?
The sequence of systole and diastole in the heart.
Define systemic circulation.
High blood pressure in the arteries that doesn’t fall to zero between heartbeats.
What is the pressure like in the pulmonary circuit?
Lower pressure compared to systemic circulation.
What are the functions of large tubes in transport systems?
Bulk transport over distances.
What happens to fluid flow when the radius of a tube is increased by a factor of 2?
Flow will increase by a factor of 16.
What are the two main phases of the cardiac cycle?
- Systole
- Diastole
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood ejected per beat from the left ventricle.
How is stroke volume calculated?
SV = EDV - ESV.
What does EDV stand for?
End diastolic volume.
What does ESV stand for?
End systolic volume.
What is cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in 1 minute.
What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?
CO = SV x HR.
What is afterload?
The amount of pressure needed in the ventricles to propel blood into the aorta and lungs.
What is preload?
The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, indicating ventricular stretch at the end of diastole.
What is the normal range for systolic blood pressure in a healthy individual?
110-140 mmHg.
What is the normal range for diastolic blood pressure in a healthy individual?
60-90 mmHg.
What is the hematocrit?
The volume percentage of red blood cells in blood.
What is the normal hematocrit percentage for men?
45%.
What is the normal hematocrit percentage for women?
40%.
What are erythrocytes?
Red blood cells that carry oxygen.
What role do leukocytes play in the body?
They provide defense against disease.
What is the function of platelets in the blood?
They induce blood clots to seal breaks in the circulatory system.
What is the primary component of plasma?
91% water.
What is the lifespan of mature erythrocytes?
4 months.
Where do human blood cells develop?
In red bone marrow.
What is the function of albumins in plasma?
Osmotic balance, pH regulation, and transport of hormones, waste, and drugs.
What is the function of globulins in plasma?
Transport of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
What is fibrinogen’s role in the blood?
It is involved in blood clotting.
What ions are commonly found in plasma?
- Na+
- K+
- Ca2+
- Cl-
- HCO3-
