Heart

Question 1

-Disturbing artery
-consists mainly of smooth muscle circularly arranged
-femoral is an example
-vasoconstricts to regulate blood flow to different body parts

Answer 1

Medium arteries

Question 2

-conducting arteries
-many elastic layers
-maintains BP between heart contractions for elasticity

Answer 2

Large arteries

Question 3

-thick muscular wall
-degree of arterial pressure regulated by tonus
-above normal = hypertension

Answer 3

Small arteries & arterioles

Question 4

-Collateral circulation
-doesn’t include true terminal arteries
-more prevalent in veins

Answer 4

Anastomoses

Question 5

-forms venous plexus such as dorsal venous arch

Answer 5

Small veins & venules

Question 6

-in limbs
-where blood flow is opposed by gravity
-has valves

Answer 6

Medium veins

Question 7

-wide bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle
-well-developed tunica adventitia

Answer 7

Large veins

Question 8

Leg 🦵 muscles milking blood 🩸 superiorly to the heart 🫀
-defect causes varicose veins (caliber greater than normal, incomplete valves)

Answer 8

Musculovenous pump

Question 9

Has double helical orientation for wringing contraction

Answer 9

Myocardium

Question 10

Shunt blood 🩸 from pulmonary artery to aorta
-ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant

Answer 10

Ductus Arterious

Question 11

-Linoleic acid (18:2 9, 12 Omega6)
-Linolenic acid (18:3 9,12,15 Omega3)
-exists because elongation doesn’t go beyond 9C
-CH3-(CH2)n-COOH
1.C#, 2.Bond#, 3.Position#

Answer 11

Essential fatty acids

Question 12

Increases surface area of hydrophobic droplets

Answer 12

Emulsification

Question 13

Produces free cholesterol and FA

Answer 13

Cholesterol esterase

Question 14

Produces glycerylphospatidylcholine and 2FA

Answer 14

Phospholipase

Question 15

Removes FA at C1 & C3 of TAGs to produce 2-monoacylglycerol & 2FA

Answer 15

Pancreatic lipase

Question 16

-Activated by trypsin
-anchors lipase to aqueous-lipid interface

Answer 16

Colipase

Question 17

-caused by cystic fibrosis, short bowl syndrome, & low pancreatic enzymes
-leads to steatorrhea

Answer 17

Lipid malabsorption

Question 18

-lipid & bile salt ball
-enters enterocyte

Answer 18

Mixed micelles

Question 19

-Cholesterol is re-esterified here with FA
-chylomicrons packaged here

Answer 19

Enterocyte

Question 20

-recognition sites
-activators or coenzymes
-structural components
-freely exchanged

Answer 20

Apoproteins

Question 21

In liver and kidneys

Answer 21

Glycerol

Question 22

In muscle

Answer 22

FFA

Question 23

-Condensation
-reduction
-dehydration
-reduction

Answer 23

FA synthesis key reactions