heart

Question 1

what does the mediastinum contain

Answer 1

heart, pericardium and origins of great vessels

Question 2

what is the function of the pericardium

Answer 2

-supports and protects the heart
- limits overfilling of the heart

Question 3

what make up the pericardium

Answer 3

Fibrous and serious layer

Question 4

fibrous is the
serous is the

Answer 4

outer layer
inner layer

Question 5

serous can be divided into

Answer 5

parietal and visceral layers

Question 6

parietal…

Answer 6

lines the inner surface of fibrious pericardium

Question 7

visceral…

Answer 7

adheres to the surface of the heart

Question 8

what is the pericardial cavity

Answer 8

has small amount of serous fluid

Question 9

what are the layers of the heart

Answer 9

epicardium, mayocardium and endocardium

Question 10

what are the main vessels of the heart

Answer 10

• arch of aorta
• superior and inferior vena cava
• right and left pulmonary veins
  -pulmonary trunk
• right and left coronary artery
• coronary sinus

Question 11

what make the arch of aorta

Answer 11

• Brachiocephalic trunk
• left common carotid
• left subclavian

Question 12

pulmonary trunk is connected to the…by what…

Answer 12

arch of aorta
ligamentum arteriosum

Question 13

what make up the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 13

left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 14

what are the 3 branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 14

• sinoatrial nodal artery
• right marginal artery
• posterior interventricular artery

Question 15

what are the 2 branches of the left coronary arteries

Answer 15

-anterior interventricular artery
- circumflex artery

Question 16

what does the anterior interventricular artery give rise to

what does the circumflex artery give rise to

Answer 16

diagonal branches

left obtuse marginal artery

Question 17

what percentage of coronary artery gives off to the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 17

67%= right
15%= left
18%= codom

Question 18

Coronary sinus

Answer 18

drains into the right atrium

Question 19

what does the coronary sinus give off

Answer 19

great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
small cardiac vein
posterior cardiac vein

Question 20

what vein of what chamber drains directly into the right atrium

Answer 20

anterior vein of the right ventricle

Question 21

what does the cardiac plexus innervate

Answer 21

heart, coronary vessels and conduction system

Question 22

sympathetic innervation of the cardiac plexus causes

Answer 22

• increase in heart rate and force contraction
• dilates coronary vessles
• POSTgang cell is in the cervical and upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia

Question 23

parasympathetic innervation of cardiac plexus causes

Answer 23

-decrease heart rate and force of contraction
- constricts coronary vessels
- POST ganglionic cell bodies is= intramural ganglia in walls of the heart

Question 24

what are the four key features of the heart

Answer 24

• atria
• ventricles
• atrioventricular valves
• semilunar valves

Question 25

when do AV valves open

Answer 25

when arterial pressure is higher than pressure in the ventricles

Question 26

when do semilunar valves open

Answer 26

when ventricular pressure is higher than pressure in the aorta

Question 27

steps of the cycle

Answer 27

- late diastole - atrial systole - isovolumeric ventricular contraction - ventricular ejection - isovolumic ventricular relaxation

Question 28

what if the flow of blood in the heart

Answer 28

1. Vena cavas, coronary sinuses, anterior vein of right ventricle 2. right atrium 3. opening of tricuspid 4. right ventricle 5. opening of pulmonary semilunar valve 6. pulmonary trunk 7. pulmonary arteries 8. lungs 9. pulmonary veins 10. left atrium 11. opening of bicuspid 12. left ventricle

Question 29

function of the auricle

Answer 29

increase volume of blood atria can hold

Question 30

what are the 5 features of the right atrium

Answer 30

- pectinate muscle - crista terminalis - opening for svc, ivs, coronary sinus - valves for ivc and coronary sinus - fossa ovalis

Question 31

where does the SA node lie

Answer 31

superior end of crista terminalis between the right atrium and SVC

Question 32

what are the 6 features of the right ventricle

Answer 32

- trabeculae carneae - conos arterious - tricuspid - chordae tendineae - moderator band - papillary muscles

Question 33

what does trabeculae do

Answer 33

muscle ridges

Question 34

function of conous arterious

Answer 34

outflow tract of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary trunk

Question 35

function of chordae tendinae

Answer 35

prevents erosion of the AV valves into the atria during contraction

Question 36

function of moderator band

Answer 36

carries portion of heart conduction system

Question 37

function of papillary muscle

Answer 37

anterior, posterior and septal

Question 38

features of left atrium

Answer 38

left auricle openings of pulmonary veins

Question 39

features of left ventricle

Answer 39

- thicker walls - high arterial pressure - trabeculae carneae - papillary muscles - chordae tendineae - outflow tract

Question 40

what is the outflow tract of the left ventricle

Answer 40

aortic vestibule which leads to ascending aorta

Question 41

what forces the tricuspid valves to close during ventricular contraction

Answer 41

pooling of blood around margin of cusps

Question 42

papillary muscle contract causing...

Answer 42

tensing of chordae which prevents cusps from inverting into the right atrium

Question 43

what are the two bicuspsids

Answer 43

anterior and posterior

Question 44

what are the 2 semilunar valves

Answer 44

pulmonary and aortic

Question 45

pulmonary semilunar valve is and has

Answer 45

b/w right ventricle and pulmonary trunk left right and anterior cusps

Question 46

aortic semilunar valve has

Answer 46

left right and posterior cusps right and left cusps have openings for coronary arteries

Question 47

both semilunar valves have

Answer 47

3 cusps nodules lunules sinuses ( aortic sinus and pulmonary trunk sinus )

Question 48

what regulates the cardiac conduction system

Answer 48

sympathetic and parasympathetic system

Question 49

SA node is the

Answer 49

pacemaker of the heart initiates and regulates impules for contractions of the heart

Question 50

AV node...

Answer 50

can generate action potentials spontaneously intrinstic pacemaker rate is slower than SA

Question 51

AV bundle is the

Answer 51

bridge b/w myocardium of atria and ventricles and also splits into right and left

Question 52

right and left fibers branch into the

Answer 52

purkinje fibers