Heart

Question 1

Name the pathway of blood flow through the heart and circulatory system?

Answer 1

• Inferior & superior vena cava
• right atrium
• tricuspid valve
• right ventricle
• pulmonary veins
• lungs
• pulmonary artery
• pulmonary valve
• left atrium
• mitral valve
• left ventricle
• aortic valve
• aorta

Question 2

Briefly describe the heart wall?

Answer 2

– Has 3 layers (epicardium, myocardium, endocardium)
– Epicardium is the outer protective layer
–Myocardium is the thick middle layer
– Endocardium is the inner layer

Question 3

What is the function of the Heart/Cardiovascular system?

Answer 3

pump blood and deliver oxygen and nutrients to all the body’s cells

Question 4

Where is the heart located?

Answer 4

in the mediastinum, to the left of the sternum

Question 5

Name the heart valves and indicate their locations

Answer 5

– Tricuspid valve – located between right atrium and right ventricle
– Pulmonary valve – located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
– Mitral valve – located between the left atrium and left ventricle
– Aortic valve – located between the left ventricle and aorta

Question 6

Discuss what causes the heart sounds and how to distinguish them?

Answer 6

– Heart sounds are caused by turbulence associated with closing of the heart valves

– using a stethoscope

Question 7

Which two circulatory systems does the heart pump blood through?

Answer 7

1. Lungs
2. Tissues & Organs

Question 8

Which side of the heart forms the Pulmonary circulatory?

Answer 8

1. Right side

Question 9

Which side of the forms the systemic circulation?

Answer 9

1. Left side

Question 10

Arteries carry ___

Answer 10

1. Oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

Question 11

Veins carry ___

Answer 11

1. Deoxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 12

Name the chambers of the heart?

Answer 12

1. Right Atria
2. Right Ventricle
3. Left Atria
4. Left Ventricle

Question 13

What side of the heart receives DEOXYGENATED BLOOD?

Answer 13

1. Right Side

Question 14

What side of the heart receives OXYGENATED BLOOD?

Answer 14

2. Left side

Question 15

What is the Right atrioventricular valve called?

Answer 15

1. Tricuspid valve

Question 16

What is the Left atrioventricular valve called?

Answer 16

1. Bicuspid

Question 17

Heart Failure is __

Answer 17

1. When the heart muscle doesn’t pump enough blood for the body’s need

Question 18

What are the primary causes of Heart Failure?

Answer 18

1. Coronary Artery disease
2. Hypertension
3. Rheumatic Heart Disease
4. Congenital Heart Defects

Question 19

Describe Systolic failure?

Answer 19

1. When the heart isn’t contracting well

Question 20

Describe Diastolic failure?

Answer 20

1. When the heart cannot relax normally

Question 21

Describe Left-sided HF?

Answer 21

1. The left ventricle of the heart no longer pumps enough blood around the body

Question 22

Describe Right-sided HF?

Answer 22

1. When the Right ventricle fails to contract effectively

Question 23

What occurs during ‘lub’ AKA S1?

Answer 23

1. Closure of the ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES

Question 24

What occurs during ‘DUB’ AKA S2?

Answer 24

1. Closure of the SEMILUNAR VALVES

Question 25

What is the function of the Conduction system of the heart?

Answer 25

1. Controls your heartbeat

Question 26

What is the role of the Sinoatrial and Atria nodes?

Answer 26

1. Sinoatrial node acts as the peacemaker of the heart
2. Atria node is the gate keeper

Question 27

Name the Conduction system in order?

Answer 27

1. SA node
2. AV node
3. bundle of His
4. Left & Right bundle branches
5. Purkinje Fibres

Question 28

Describe the structural features of the Cardiac muscle cells that are specialised to cardiac function?

Answer 28

1. Striated
2. Branched

Question 29

Explain the pathogenesis stages of Atherosclerosis ?

Answer 29

1. Chronic Endothelial Injury
2. Fatty Streak
3. Fibrous Plaque
4. Complicated Lesion