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Dissection II | MTO 1 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

Middle Mediastinum, Posterior to Sternum and anterior to vertebral column, base of the heart begins at the T4/T5 level and apex of the heart ends at around T9.

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2
Q

Where do the great veins empty into the heart?

A

Right Atrium through the Vena Cavae

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3
Q

Name the surfaces of the heart.

A

Base (post.), Diaphragmatic, Sternocostal and right + left pulmonary.

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4
Q

What remarkable grooves can be found on the surfaces of heart?

A

Coronary (AV Groove), Anterior and Posterior interventricular sulci.

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5
Q

Name the chambers of the heart.

A

Right and Left Atria and ventricles

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6
Q

Which chamber of heart includes the sinus of venae cavae?

A

Right Atrium

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7
Q

Name the fibrous skeleton of heart.

A

Fibrous rings of pulmonary valve and aortic valve, left and right AV ring. Connected via left and right fibrous trigones.

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8
Q

Which veins empty into the right atrium?

A

Vena cavae and thebesian veins

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9
Q

Where are the pectinate muscles located?

A

Right and left auricles and properly in the right atrium

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10
Q

At which orifice is the bicuspid valve located?

A

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

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11
Q

Which veins empty into the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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12
Q

Where is the fossa ovalis located?

A

inferior aspect of the right interatrial septum

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13
Q

Which blood vessel arises from the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary artery

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14
Q

Which blood vessel arises from the left ventricle?

A

Aorta

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15
Q

Which are the major parts of the interventricular septum?

A

inlet septum, trabecular septum, and infundibular septum

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16
Q

Name the individual cusps of the bicuspid valve.

A

Anterior and posterior cusps

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17
Q

Name the individual cusps of the tricuspid valve.

A

Anterior, Septal and Posterior.

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18
Q

Name the individual cusps of the pulmonary valve.

A

Anterior, left and right

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19
Q

Name the individual cusps of the aortic valve.

A

Right, left and posterior (sometimes people are born with a unicuspid or quadricuspid aortic valve)

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20
Q

What is the primary pace maker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

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21
Q

Where is the primary pace maker of the heart located?

A

At the top of the right atrium.

22
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node located?

A

In koch’s triangle near the coronary sinus on the interatrial septum.

23
Q

Where does the atrioventricular bundle arise from?

A

Near the orifice of the coronary sinus

24
Q

What are the direct branches of the atrioventricular bundle?

A

Right and left bundle branches

25
Q

Which impulse conducting item passes through the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

Atrioventricular bundle

26
Q

Which nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

A

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

27
Q

Which layer of the cardiac wall forms the cusps?

A

Endothelium/endocardium (innermost layer of the three)

28
Q

What is the shape of the arterial pericardial reflections?

A

J-shaped

29
Q

What is the shape of the venous pericardial reflections?

A

J-shaped

30
Q

What are the nutrient (private) arteries of the heart?

A

Coronary Arteries.

31
Q

Where do the nutrient arteries of the heart arise from?

A

Base of the Aorta as it exits the left ventricle

32
Q

Which artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular branch at “balanced
circulation”?

A

Right Coronary Artery

33
Q

Which artery gives rise to the anterior interventricular branch at “balanced
circulation”?

A

Left Coronary Artery

34
Q

Which artery gives rise to the circumflex branch?

A

Left coronary artery

35
Q

In which groove of heart does the circumflex branch run?

A

Atrioventricular groove

36
Q

In which groove of heart does the coronary sinus run?

A

Coronary Sulcus

37
Q

Which chamber of the heart does the coronary sinus empty into?

A

Right atrium

38
Q

Name at least 3 veins which empty into the coronary sinus.

A

Great cardiac vein. Oblique vein of the left atrium. Posterior vein of the left ventricle.

39
Q

Which veins travel in the coronary sulcus?

A

Small cardiac vein

40
Q

Which vein runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Great cardiac vein

41
Q

Which vein runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Middle cardiac vein

42
Q

On which surface of the heart is the anterior interventricular sulcus found?

A

Anterior surface

43
Q

On which surface of the heart is the posterior interventricular sulcus found?

A

Diaphragmatic Surface

44
Q

In which chambers are the trabeculae carneae found?

A

Left and right ventricles

45
Q

Derivative of which embryological item is found in the interatrial septum?

A

Fossa ovalis is which is a remnant of the Foramen ovale

46
Q

Which part of the diaphragm holds the heart?

A

Central Tendon

47
Q

Which chamber of the heart is in contact with the oesophagus?

A

Left atrium

48
Q

Where is the auscultation point of the bicuspid valve?

A

5th intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line

49
Q

Name the contents of the posterior mediastinum.

A

Esophagus, descending (thoracic) aorta, azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct, vagus n., splachnic n. and sympathetic trunks

50
Q

At which orifice is the tricuspid valve located?

A

Right atrioventricular orifice

Dissection II | MTO 1 (1 decks)

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