Heart

Question 1

Where is the heart located?

Answer 1

Middle Mediastinum, Posterior to Sternum and anterior to vertebral column, base of the heart begins at the T4/T5 level and apex of the heart ends at around T9.

Question 2

Where do the great veins empty into the heart?

Answer 2

Right Atrium through the Vena Cavae

Question 3

Name the surfaces of the heart.

Answer 3

Base (post.), Diaphragmatic, Sternocostal and right + left pulmonary.

Question 4

What remarkable grooves can be found on the surfaces of heart?

Answer 4

Coronary (AV Groove), Anterior and Posterior interventricular sulci.

Question 5

Name the chambers of the heart.

Answer 5

Right and Left Atria and ventricles

Question 6

Which chamber of heart includes the sinus of venae cavae?

Answer 6

Right Atrium

Question 7

Name the fibrous skeleton of heart.

Answer 7

Fibrous rings of pulmonary valve and aortic valve, left and right AV ring. Connected via left and right fibrous trigones.

Question 8

Which veins empty into the right atrium?

Answer 8

Vena cavae and thebesian veins

Question 9

Where are the pectinate muscles located?

Answer 9

Right and left auricles and properly in the right atrium

Question 10

At which orifice is the bicuspid valve located?

Answer 10

Left Atrioventricular Orifice

Question 11

Which veins empty into the left atrium?

Answer 11

Pulmonary veins

Question 12

Where is the fossa ovalis located?

Answer 12

inferior aspect of the right interatrial septum

Question 13

Which blood vessel arises from the right ventricle?

Answer 13

pulmonary artery

Question 14

Which blood vessel arises from the left ventricle?

Answer 14

Aorta

Question 15

Which are the major parts of the interventricular septum?

Answer 15

inlet septum, trabecular septum, and infundibular septum

Question 16

Name the individual cusps of the bicuspid valve.

Answer 16

Anterior and posterior cusps

Question 17

Name the individual cusps of the tricuspid valve.

Answer 17

Anterior, Septal and Posterior.

Question 18

Name the individual cusps of the pulmonary valve.

Answer 18

Anterior, left and right

Question 19

Name the individual cusps of the aortic valve.

Answer 19

Right, left and posterior (sometimes people are born with a unicuspid or quadricuspid aortic valve)

Question 20

What is the primary pace maker of the heart?

Answer 20

Sinoatrial node

Question 21

Where is the primary pace maker of the heart located?

Answer 21

At the top of the right atrium.

Question 22

Where is the atrioventricular node located?

Answer 22

In koch’s triangle near the coronary sinus on the interatrial septum.

Question 23

Where does the atrioventricular bundle arise from?

Answer 23

Near the orifice of the coronary sinus

Question 24

What are the direct branches of the atrioventricular bundle?

Answer 24

Right and left bundle branches

Question 25

Which impulse conducting item passes through the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Answer 25

Atrioventricular bundle

Question 26

Which nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation of the heart?

Answer 26

Vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve)

Question 27

Which layer of the cardiac wall forms the cusps?

Answer 27

Endothelium/endocardium (innermost layer of the three)

Question 28

What is the shape of the arterial pericardial reflections?

Answer 28

J-shaped

Question 29

What is the shape of the venous pericardial reflections?

Answer 29

J-shaped

Question 30

What are the nutrient (private) arteries of the heart?

Answer 30

Coronary Arteries.

Question 31

Where do the nutrient arteries of the heart arise from?

Answer 31

Base of the Aorta as it exits the left ventricle

Question 32

Which artery gives rise to the posterior interventricular branch at "balanced circulation"?

Answer 32

Right Coronary Artery

Question 33

Which artery gives rise to the anterior interventricular branch at "balanced circulation"?

Answer 33

Left Coronary Artery

Question 34

Which artery gives rise to the circumflex branch?

Answer 34

Left coronary artery

Question 35

In which groove of heart does the circumflex branch run?

Answer 35

Atrioventricular groove

Question 36

In which groove of heart does the coronary sinus run?

Answer 36

Coronary Sulcus

Question 37

Which chamber of the heart does the coronary sinus empty into?

Answer 37

Right atrium

Question 38

Name at least 3 veins which empty into the coronary sinus.

Answer 38

Great cardiac vein. Oblique vein of the left atrium. Posterior vein of the left ventricle.

Question 39

Which veins travel in the coronary sulcus?

Answer 39

Small cardiac vein

Question 40

Which vein runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus?

Answer 40

Great cardiac vein

Question 41

Which vein runs in the posterior interventricular sulcus?

Answer 41

Middle cardiac vein

Question 42

On which surface of the heart is the anterior interventricular sulcus found?

Answer 42

Anterior surface

Question 43

On which surface of the heart is the posterior interventricular sulcus found?

Answer 43

Diaphragmatic Surface

Question 44

In which chambers are the trabeculae carneae found?

Answer 44

Left and right ventricles

Question 45

Derivative of which embryological item is found in the interatrial septum?

Answer 45

Fossa ovalis is which is a remnant of the Foramen ovale

Question 46

Which part of the diaphragm holds the heart?

Answer 46

Central Tendon

Question 47

Which chamber of the heart is in contact with the oesophagus?

Answer 47

Left atrium

Question 48

Where is the auscultation point of the bicuspid valve?

Answer 48

5th intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line

Question 49

Name the contents of the posterior mediastinum.

Answer 49

Esophagus, descending (thoracic) aorta, azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct, vagus n., splachnic n. and sympathetic trunks

Question 50

At which orifice is the tricuspid valve located?

Answer 50

Right atrioventricular orifice