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Cardiovascular Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four walls of the heart?

A

Septal
Anterior
Lateral
Inferior

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2
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Left and Right Atria
Left and Right Ventricle

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3
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?

A

Sternocostal surface: Anterior (RV)
Diaphragmatic surface: Inferior (LV and RV)
Pulmonary Surface: Facing on the left (LV)

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4
Q

What ecg leads supply to the anterior wall?

A

V3 to V4

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5
Q

What ecg leads supply to the inferior wall?

A

II, III, aVF

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6
Q

What ecg leads supply to the lateral wall?

A

V5, V6, I, aVL

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7
Q

What ecg leads supply to the septal wall?

A

V1, V2

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8
Q

______ receives venous blood from SVC and IVC

A

Right Atrium

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9
Q

Right atrium receives _____ blood from ____ and ____

A

Right atrium receives venous blood from SVC and IVC

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10
Q

Blood runs from _____ into the pulmonary trunk

A

Right Ventricle

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11
Q

______ receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary veins

A

Left Atrium

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12
Q

Left Atrium receives ____ blood from the lungs via ______

A

Left Atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via pulmonary vein

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13
Q

_____ pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

A

Left Ventricle

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14
Q

Left Ventricle pumps ____ blood into the ____

A

Left Ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

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15
Q

(Random Qn) What is the term used to describe the period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next heartbeat?

A

Cardiac Cycle

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16
Q

The cardiac cycle consists of ____ and ____

A

Systole and Diastole

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17
Q

Systole represents ventricular _____ while diastole represents ventricular _____

A

Systole represents ventricular contraction while diastole represents ventricular relaxation

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18
Q

Heart sounds

Lubb: ____ valve close at the ___ of ventricular ____
Dubb: ____ valve close at the _____ of ventricular _____

A

Lubb: AV valve closes at the start of ventricular systole
Dubb: Semilunar valve closes at the beginning of ventricular diastole

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19
Q

Which 2 valves make up the atrioventricular valves?

A

Bicuspid (Mitral) and Tricuspid

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20
Q

Which 2 valves make up the semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary and Aortic

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21
Q

What is the boundary of the smooth and rough parts of the Right Atrium?

A

Crista Terminalis

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22
Q

Where can the SA node be found in the Right Atrium?

A

Near the upper end of the Crista Terminalis

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23
Q

Where can AV node be found in the Right Atrium?

A

Above the opening of the coronary sinus

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24
Q

What is the condition called for incomplete closure of the foramen ovale?

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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25
Q

Blood flows from the right atrium to the ____ through the right ______ which is guarded by the ____ valve

A

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the right atrioventricular orifice which is guarded by the tricuspid valve

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26
Q

What is one muscle that is present in the Right Atrium and is closely related to the Crista Terminalis?

A

Pectinate Muscle

27
Q

What are 3 types of muscles present in the Right Ventricle?

A

Papillary
Septomarginal Trabecula
Trabeculae Carnae

28
Q

What valves can be found in the Right Ventricle?

A

Tricuspid and Pulmonary

29
Q

What is the function of Chordae Tendinae?

A

Prevents eversion of the valves into the atria

30
Q

______ prevents eversion of the valves into the atria?

A

Chordae Tendinae

31
Q

Is the left ventricular wall or the right ventricular wall thicker?

A

Left ventricular wall is 3 times thicker than the right

32
Q

What muscle can be found in the Left Atrium?

A

Pectinate muscle

33
Q

What valves can be found in the Left Ventricle?

A

Mitral and Aortic

34
Q

What does the Left Coronary Artery branch out to?

A

Left Anterior Descending artery
Left Circumflex artery

35
Q

Where does the Left Anterior Descending Artery supply to?

A

Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
2/3rd Interventricular Septum
AV bundle

36
Q

Where does the Circumflex artery supply to?

A

Left AtriumLeft Ventricle

37
Q

What does the right coronary artery branch out to?

A

Acute Marginal Artery
Posterior Descending Artery

38
Q

Where does the Acute Marginal Artery supply to?

A

Right Ventricle

39
Q

Where does the Right Coronary Artery supply to?

A

Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
SA and AV node

40
Q

Where does the posterior descending artery supply to?

A

1/3rd Interventricular septum (posterior)
Adjacent portions of ventricles

41
Q

The artery that supplies the posterior descending artery (PDA) determines the _______

A

Coronary Dominance

42
Q

If PDA is supplied by RCA, what dominance is it classified as?

A

Right dominant

43
Q

If PDA is supplied by Lcx, what dominance is it classified as?

A

Left dominant

44
Q

If PDA is supplied by both RCA and Lcx, what dominance is it classified as?

A

Co-dominant

45
Q

How common are the various dominance in the population? (rank from most to least common)

A

Right dominant (85%)
Co-dominant (8%)
Left dominant (7%)

46
Q

An end artery is defined as an artery that is the ____ supply of ____ blood to a portion of tissue.

A

An end artery is defined as an artery that is the only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue.

47
Q

List 2 examples of end (Terminal) arteries

A

Splenic artery (supplies the spleen)
Renal artery (supplies the kidney)

48
Q

A patient perceives noxious stimuli originating in the heart as pain arising from a superficial part of the body. What is this phenomenon called?

A

Cardiac referred pain

49
Q

Where is cardiac pain referred?

A
  • Afferent pain fibres follow sympathetic nerves via cardiac plexus, white rami, to T1-4
  • T1-T4 dermatomes, radiating down left arm
50
Q

Blood from heart drains into the right atrium through the _____

A

Coronary sinus

51
Q

Coronary Sinus:
Lies in the ____ side
Opens into the ____ atrium

A

Posterior, Right atrium

52
Q

What does the coronary sinus branch out to?

A

Great cardiac vein Middle cardiac veinSmall cardiac veinPosterolateral cardiac vein

53
Q

What are the 3 branches of the arch of the aorta? (from right to left)

A

Brachiocephalic trunk > Left common carotid artery > Left subclavian artery

54
Q

What are the 2 branches of the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Right common carotid artery
Right subclavian artery

55
Q

What nerve segments does the phrenic nerve arise from?

A

C3 to C5

56
Q

Injury to the phrenic nerve will cause paralysis of the _____.

A

Hemidiaphragm

57
Q

Left vagus nerve gives rise to _____

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

58
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve lies lateral to the _______

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

59
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

60
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the heart

  • Arises from ____ and ___ thoracic portions of the sympathetic trunks
  • _____ sympathetic fibers terminate on the ______ and _____ nodes, _____ fibers and _______
  • Activation of these nerves results in cardiac _____, ____ force of contraction of the cardiac muscle and _____ of the coronary arteries
A
  • Arises from cervical and upper thoracic portions of the sympathetic trunks
  • Postganglionic sympathetic fibers terminate on the SA and AV nodes, cardiac muscle fibers and coronary arteries
  • Activation of these nerves results in cardiac acceleration, increased force of contraction of the cardiac muscle and dilation of the coronary arteries
61
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart
* Arises from _____
* ___ parasympathetic fibers on the SA and AV nodes and on the
* Activation of the parasympathetic nerves results in ____ in the rate and force of ____ of the heart and a ____ of the coronary arteries

A
  • Arises from vagus nerves
  • Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers terminates on the SA and AV nodes and on the coronary arteries
  • Activation of the parasympathetic nerves results in reduction in the rate and force of contraction of the heart and a constriction of the coronary arteries
62
Q

Where can the apex beat be felt?

A

5th Intercostal space, mid-clavicular line

63
Q

Ventricular septal defect is a congenital malformation of the ______

A

Interventricular septum

64
Q

What is the term used to describe the foraemen ovale that closes soon after birth?

A

Fossa Ovalis

Cardiovascular Anatomy (2 decks)

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