heart

Question 1

external: pericardium

Answer 1

protects and anchors

Question 2

external: epicardium

Answer 2

slippery outer part of wall

Question 3

external: myocardium

Answer 3

cardiac muscle; contracting

Question 4

external: endocardium

Answer 4

lining to prevent blood seepage

Question 5

heart chambers (4)

Answer 5

right and left atrium and right and left ventricle

Question 6

heart valves function

Answer 6

prevent blood from flowing backward

Question 7

heart valves (4)

Answer 7

(right) tricuspid, aortic (left) bicuspid, pulmonary

Question 8

blood vessels (3)

Answer 8

arteries, capillaries, and veins

Question 9

arteries

Answer 9

carry blood away from the heart; thicker with more muscle

Question 10

capillaries

Answer 10

very small, thin vessels; connect arteries and veins, location of transfer of nutrients, wastes, and gases

Question 11

veins

Answer 11

carry blood back to the heart; ability to stretch; valves in large veins

Question 12

vein valves

Answer 12

prevent blood from flowing back

Question 13

conduction system (4)

Answer 13

(right) sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node (left) purkinje fibers, bundle branche

Question 14

sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 14

called the pacemaker; initiates the heart to beat and causes the atria to contract

Question 15

atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 15

conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ventricles

Question 16

medulla oblongata

Answer 16

can alter the beat of your heart from the nervus system

Question 17

parasympathetic division

Answer 17

resting state- slows hear rate

Question 18

sympathetic division

Answer 18

fight or flight- increases heart rate

Question 19

electrocardiogram

Answer 19

records electrical activity not contraction; electrodes are placed at several different locations

Question 20

P wave (atrial systole)

Answer 20

indicates that the atrial are about to contract

Question 21

QRS complex (ventricular systole)

Answer 21

signals that the ventricles are about to contract

Question 22

T wave (ventricular diastole)

Answer 22

electrical changes that occur and the ventricular muscle fibers recover

Question 23

atria contraction

Answer 23

p wave- impulses goes through the atria
pr segment- atria contracting

Question 24

ventricle contraction

Answer 24

qrs complex- impulses travels through ventricles
st segment- ventricle contracting

Question 25

repolarization

Answer 25

T-U- ventricles are relaxing (repolarizing)

Question 26

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 26

uncoordinated contraction of the ventricle; causes by an injury or drug overdose; most common cause of sudden cardiac death

Question 27

locations to find the heart: carotid artery

Answer 27

major blood vessels in the neck

Question 28

locations to find the heart: radial artery

Answer 28

major blood vessel in the wrist/ forearm

Question 29

fetus heart rate

Answer 29

140-160 beats per min

Question 30

females heart rate

Answer 30

72-80 beats per min

Question 31

males heart rate

Answer 31

64-72 beats per min

Question 32

blue whale heart rate

Answer 32

~6 bpm

Question 33

mouse heart rate

Answer 33

~450-750 bpm

Question 34

horse hr

Answer 34

~28 to 40 bpm

Question 35

rabbit hr

Answer 35

~280 to 350 bpm

Question 36

increase heart rate

Answer 36

stress exercise heat loud noises fear caffeine

Question 37

decrease heart rate

Answer 37

holding breath cold temps laziness

Question 38

blood pressure facts

Answer 38

1 in 3 americans have high blood pressure HBP has no symptoms

Question 39

what is blood pressure

Answer 39

it is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as your heart pumps; if it is too high, it can damage the body over time

Question 40

HBP leads to

Answer 40

coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure

Question 41

blood pressure by the numbers example

Answer 41

systolic/ diastolic ex: 120/80

Question 42

systolic

Answer 42

normal <120 prehypertension 120-139 high bp stage 1: 140-159 stage 2: 160 +

Question 43

diastolic

Answer 43

normal <180 prehypertension 80-89 high bp stage 1: 90-99 stage 2: 100+

Question 44

keeping blood pressure low

Answer 44

eat foods low in saturated fat eat plenty of fruits, veggies and high fiber fods limit sodium intake limit alcohol engage physical activity

Question 45

hypertension- [high blood pressure]

Answer 45

blood moves through the arteries at a higher pressure than normal

Question 46

atherosclerosis- [hbp]

Answer 46

accumulation of soft masses of fatty material beneath the inner linings of arteries [plaque]

Question 47

stroke, heart attack, aneurysm

Answer 47

s- blood clot lodges in a cerebral blood vessel (or bursts) ha- a blood clot lodges in a coronary blood vessel a- is a ballooning of a blood vessel

Question 48

red blood cell name

Answer 48

erythrocytes

Question 49

rbc function

Answer 49

carry oxygen to other cells – doesn’t use the O2, just carries it (rbc has no mitochondria)

Question 50

rbc production name

Answer 50

hematopoiesis

Question 51

hematopoiesis

Answer 51

produced by red marrow in bones

Question 52

rate of rbc production

Answer 52

erythropoietin

Question 53

erythropoietin

Answer 53

is produced by the kidneys and stimulated by blood level of oxygen low 02 = more erythropoietin high O2 = less erythropoietin

Question 54

hemoglobin (Hb)

Answer 54

carry O2 inside rbc

Question 55

iron deficiency

Answer 55

anemia

Question 56

iron function

Answer 56

transport O2 impaired sources- red meets, egg yolks, kidney beans, spinach and liver

Question 57

white blood cell name

Answer 57

leukocytes

Question 58

granulocytes (3)

Answer 58

neutrophil eosinophil basophil

Question 59

neutrophil

Answer 59

bacteria first to arrive (most mobile) life span 12h

Question 60

eosinophil

Answer 60

attacks parasites releases chems reduce inflammation

Question 61

basophil

Answer 61

discharge granules at injury histamine- overproduction leads to allergy sympts.

Question 62

agranulocytes (2)

Answer 62

monocytes, lymphocytes

Question 63

monocytes

Answer 63

phaygote- bacteria, dead cells, debris within tissue lacking visible granules

Question 64

lymphocytes

Answer 64

2 kinds- T and B cells control immune system responsible for allergies and tumor control

Question 65

platelets

Answer 65

thrombocytes essential for clotting

Question 66

plasma

Answer 66

nonliving

Question 67

plasma proteins (3)

Answer 67

albumin- osmotic pressure globulin- trans. lipids fibrinogen- clotting

Question 68

hemostasis

Answer 68

stops bleeding by clotting injury; keeps from external and internal bleeding to death

Question 69

multi step process- blood physiology

Answer 69

1. vascular phase- serotonin- contraction in smooth muscle (vascular spasm) can be 30 min 2. platelet phase- stick to endothelium; platelet plug forms 3. coagulation- second after injury; platelets trapped in protein mesh (blood clot)

Question 70

aggulation

Answer 70

clumping of blood; antigen mixes with corresponding antibody

Question 71

universal donor

Answer 71

type O

Question 72

universal recipient

Answer 72

type AB