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anatomy heart test > heart > Flashcards

heart Flashcards

1
Q

external: pericardium

A

protects and anchors

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2
Q

external: epicardium

A

slippery outer part of wall

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3
Q

external: myocardium

A

cardiac muscle; contracting

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4
Q

external: endocardium

A

lining to prevent blood seepage

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5
Q

heart chambers (4)

A

right and left atrium and right and left ventricle

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6
Q

heart valves function

A

prevent blood from flowing backward

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7
Q

heart valves (4)

A

(right) tricuspid, aortic (left) bicuspid, pulmonary

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8
Q

blood vessels (3)

A

arteries, capillaries, and veins

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9
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart; thicker with more muscle

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10
Q

capillaries

A

very small, thin vessels; connect arteries and veins, location of transfer of nutrients, wastes, and gases

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11
Q

veins

A

carry blood back to the heart; ability to stretch; valves in large veins

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12
Q

vein valves

A

prevent blood from flowing back

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13
Q

conduction system (4)

A

(right) sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node (left) purkinje fibers, bundle branche

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14
Q

sinoatrial (SA) node

A

called the pacemaker; initiates the heart to beat and causes the atria to contract

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15
Q

atrioventricular (AV) node

A

conveys the stimulus and initiates contraction of the ventricles

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16
Q

medulla oblongata

A

can alter the beat of your heart from the nervus system

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17
Q

parasympathetic division

A

resting state- slows hear rate

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18
Q

sympathetic division

A

fight or flight- increases heart rate

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19
Q

electrocardiogram

A

records electrical activity not contraction; electrodes are placed at several different locations

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20
Q

P wave (atrial systole)

A

indicates that the atrial are about to contract

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21
Q

QRS complex (ventricular systole)

A

signals that the ventricles are about to contract

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22
Q

T wave (ventricular diastole)

A

electrical changes that occur and the ventricular muscle fibers recover

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23
Q

atria contraction

A

p wave- impulses goes through the atria
pr segment- atria contracting

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24
Q

ventricle contraction

A

qrs complex- impulses travels through ventricles
st segment- ventricle contracting

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25
Q

repolarization

A

T-U- ventricles are relaxing (repolarizing)

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26
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

uncoordinated contraction of the ventricle; causes by an injury or drug overdose; most common cause of sudden cardiac death

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27
Q

locations to find the heart: carotid artery

A

major blood vessels in the neck

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28
Q

locations to find the heart: radial artery

A

major blood vessel in the wrist/ forearm

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29
Q

fetus heart rate

A

140-160 beats per min

30
Q

females heart rate

A

72-80 beats per min

31
Q

males heart rate

A

64-72 beats per min

32
Q

blue whale heart rate

A

~6 bpm

33
Q

mouse heart rate

A

~450-750 bpm

34
Q

horse hr

A

~28 to 40 bpm

35
Q

rabbit hr

A

~280 to 350 bpm

36
Q

increase heart rate

A

stress
exercise
heat
loud noises
fear
caffeine

37
Q

decrease heart rate

A

holding breath
cold temps
laziness

38
Q

blood pressure facts

A

1 in 3 americans have high blood pressure
HBP has no symptoms

39
Q

what is blood pressure

A

it is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as your heart pumps; if it is too high, it can damage the body over time

40
Q

HBP leads to

A

coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure

41
Q

blood pressure by the numbers example

A

systolic/ diastolic ex: 120/80

42
Q

systolic

A

normal <120
prehypertension 120-139
high bp
stage 1: 140-159
stage 2: 160 +

43
Q

diastolic

A

normal <180
prehypertension 80-89
high bp
stage 1: 90-99
stage 2: 100+

44
Q

keeping blood pressure low

A

eat foods low in saturated fat
eat plenty of fruits, veggies and high fiber fods
limit sodium intake
limit alcohol
engage physical activity

45
Q

hypertension- [high blood pressure]

A

blood moves through the arteries at a higher pressure than normal

46
Q

atherosclerosis- [hbp]

A

accumulation of soft masses of fatty material beneath the inner linings of arteries [plaque]

47
Q

stroke, heart attack, aneurysm

A

s- blood clot lodges in a cerebral blood vessel (or bursts)
ha- a blood clot lodges in a coronary blood vessel
a- is a ballooning of a blood vessel

48
Q

red blood cell name

A

erythrocytes

49
Q

rbc function

A

carry oxygen to other cells – doesn’t use the O2, just carries it (rbc has no mitochondria)

50
Q

rbc production name

A

hematopoiesis

51
Q

hematopoiesis

A

produced by red marrow in bones

52
Q

rate of rbc production

A

erythropoietin

53
Q

erythropoietin

A

is produced by the kidneys and stimulated by blood level of oxygen
low 02 = more erythropoietin
high O2 = less erythropoietin

54
Q

hemoglobin (Hb)

A

carry O2 inside rbc

55
Q

iron deficiency

A

anemia

56
Q

iron function

A

transport O2 impaired
sources- red meets, egg yolks, kidney beans, spinach and liver

57
Q

white blood cell name

A

leukocytes

58
Q

granulocytes (3)

A

neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil

59
Q

neutrophil

A

bacteria
first to arrive (most mobile)
life span 12h

60
Q

eosinophil

A

attacks parasites
releases chems reduce inflammation

61
Q

basophil

A

discharge granules at injury
histamine- overproduction leads to allergy sympts.

62
Q

agranulocytes (2)

A

monocytes, lymphocytes

63
Q

monocytes

A

phaygote- bacteria, dead cells, debris within tissue
lacking visible granules

64
Q

lymphocytes

A

2 kinds- T and B cells
control immune system
responsible for allergies and tumor control

65
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes
essential for clotting

66
Q

plasma

A

nonliving

67
Q

plasma proteins (3)

A

albumin- osmotic pressure
globulin- trans. lipids
fibrinogen- clotting

68
Q

hemostasis

A

stops bleeding by clotting injury; keeps from external and internal bleeding to death

69
Q

multi step process- blood physiology

A
  1. vascular phase- serotonin- contraction in smooth muscle (vascular spasm) can be 30 min
  2. platelet phase- stick to endothelium; platelet plug forms
  3. coagulation- second after injury; platelets trapped in protein mesh (blood clot)
70
Q

aggulation

A

clumping of blood; antigen mixes with corresponding antibody

71
Q

universal donor

A

type O

72
Q

universal recipient

A

type AB

anatomy heart test (1 decks)

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