heart Flashcards
The main component of blood is called ________________________. It consists mostly of water and it helps in the ________________________ of the body. Red blood cells are also known as ________________________ and are responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells help to prevent infection, for example, ________________________ which engulf microorganisms. Platelets can be described as cell ________________________ and are responsible for ________________________
plasma
temperature regulation
erythrocytes
neutrophils
fragments
blood clotting
(i) What does the term ‘hypertension’ mean?
high blood pressure
blood pressure that is higher than normal
How can you treat hypertention?
Changes in diet e.g. eat balanced diet with low salt and low fat – relatively easy to follow diet plans-for people who eat foods high in salt and fat this have positive outcome for reducing hypertension or help lose weight-could be income dependent as fresh / healthier foods e.g. fruit and vegetables seen as more expensive. People may struggle to prepare healthy meals or stick to dietary plans
Changes in exercise routine e.g. taking regular exercise - help to prevent weight gain-promote weight loss- lower BMI -if already obese will have positive outcomes and reduce hypertension. Links with dietary changes-could be a problem if medical condition prevents from undertaking exercise routine. People maybe too embarrassed to exercise or struggle with motivation
Changes in social activities e.g. stop smoking, reduce alcohol intake, reduce caffeine intake-heavy smokers or heavy drinkers will see biggest improvements. Might struggle to quit due to addiction/dependency or due to peer pressure
Changes in lifestyle routine e.g. getting sufficient sleep, reducing
Stefan is told that a likely risk factor for his stroke was his high blood pressure.
Name one other risk factor for strokes.
- smoking * obesity * high cholesterol levels (accept high fat diet) * diabetes * excessive alcohol intake * physical trauma e.g. fall or blow to the head * high salt intake * stress * older age * drug abuse * family history/genetics
Name the valve that prevents blood from leaving the heart and flowing back into the ventricles.
semi-lunar (accept pulmonary or aortic)
Name the artery that supplies the heart muscle with nutrients
Coronary
Name the type of vein that brings blood back into the right atrium of the heart
- vena cava
Name the artery that carries deoxygenated blood
- Pulmonary
Describe the sequence of events that take place in the heart during the cardiac cycle.
During diastole * heart is relaxed * Blood returns to the atria via the vena cava AND the pulmonary vein * The tricuspid and bicuspid valves are shut * Atria contract * The tricuspid and bicuspid valves open * Blood moves into the ventricles
Identify two possible causes of CHD (coronary heart disease)
- Lack of oxygen to heart muscle * Restricted blood supply to heart muscle * atheroma * hypoxia * Smoking * drug abuse * a high-fat diet * diabetes * high cholesterol * high blood pressure * being overweight or obese * inactivity/lack of exercise * high salt * stress * excessive alcohol consumption * family history * older age
Identify which structure is located in the upper wall of the right atrium of the heart.
- Sinoatrial node/SAN
Identify which structure is responsible for delaying the transmission of electrical impulses.
- Atrioventricular node/AVN
Identify which structure can be described as the ‘pacemaker’
Sinoatrial node/SAN
Identify which structure ensures that impulses are spread rapidly through the ventricles
- Purkyne fibres
Identify one other malfunction of the cardiovascular system
Hypertension * Accept High Blood Pressure
