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Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

where is the heart located?

A

located in the medistinum (between the lungs)

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2
Q

heart

what doees the apex do?

A

points downward and contracts the diaphgram

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3
Q

heart

what are the diffrent layers of the heart?

Epi, Myo, Endo

A

1) epicardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium

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4
Q

heart

epicardium

A

outermost, the viseral layer of the serous pericardium

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5
Q

heart

myocardium

A

middle layer, composed of cardiac muscle cells (very thick)

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6
Q

heart

endocardium

A

innermost layer, forms valves and is continous with the endothelium of the blood vessels that enter and leave the heart

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7
Q

heart

~~~

```what is the pericardium composed of?

A

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

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8
Q

what are the two parts of the serous pericardium

A

1) parietal layer
2) viseral layer

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9
Q

heart

parietal layer

A

attached to the back of the fibrous pericardium

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10
Q

heart

viseral layer (epicardium)

A

attached to the heart muscles

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11
Q

pericardial cavity

A

fluid filled space that seperates the parietal and viseral layer

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12
Q

chamer and valves

how many chamber and vavles are there?

A

4 each; two lower and two upper

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13
Q

chmaber and valves

what are the 4 chambers?

A and V

A

2 upper: left and right atria
2 lower: left and right ventricle

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14
Q

chmaber and valves

what are the 4 vavles?

AV and SV

A

1) atrioventricular (AV Valves)
2) semilunar valves

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15
Q

chmaber and valves

atrioventricular (AV Valves)

TV, and BV

A

right= tricuspid valve
left= bicuspid, mitral

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16
Q

chamber and valves

semilunar valves

A

found at the base of 2 large vessels leaving the heart= pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves

17
Q

blood flow

how does the blood flow through the heart

RA, RV, PSV, PT, L+R PA,LU,PV, LA,BMV, LV,ASV, AA

A

1) R. atrium
2) R. AV valve
3) R ventricle
4) pulmonary semilunar valve
5) pulmonary trunk
6) L and R pulmonary artery
7) lungs
8) pulmonary veins
9) L atrium
10) bicuspid valve
11) L ventricle
12) aortic semilunar valve
13) ascending aorta

18
Q

blood flow

step 1

RA + oxygenated or deoxygenated

A

right atrium: recieves deoxygenated blood from 3 vessels
1) superior vena cava
2) inferior vena cava
3) coronary sinus

19
Q

blood flow

superior vena cava

A

blood above the heart

20
Q

blood flow

inferior vena cava

A

blood from below the heart

21
Q

blood flow

coronary sinus

A

blood from heart muscles

22
Q

blood flow

step 2

R AV —> R V

A

blood flows through the right AV valve into the right ventricle

23
Q

what prevents back flow?

A

chordae tendinae and papillary muscles to prevent back flow

24
Q

blood flow

step 3

R V—-> PSV

A

the right ventricle contracts and blood exits through the pulmonary semilunar valve

25
Q

blood flow

step 4

PSV—> PT

A

enters through the pulmonary semilunar vavle to the pulmonary trunk

26
Q

blood flow

step 5

PT—-> L and R PA

A

pulmonary trunk divides into the L and R pulmonary artires

27
Q

blood flow

step 6

L and R PA—> L

A

from the left and rigjt pulmonary artires the blood goes to the lungs

28
Q

blood flow

what happens when the blood gets to the lungs?

oxygenated?

A
  • CO2 is out and O is in
  • deoxygenated blood is traded out
  • oxygenated blood returns to the lungs
29
Q

blood flow

step 7

L —> PV

A

oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins

( 4 veins in total; 2 R and 2 L)

30
Q

blood flow

step 8

PV–> LA

A

through the pulmonary veins to thr left atrium

31
Q

blood flow

step 9

BV—> LV

A

then to the bicuspi valve to the left ventricle

32
Q

blood flow

step 10

LV—> ASV

A

L vetricle contracts and blood exits through the aortic semilunar valves

33
Q

blood flow

step 11

ASV—> AA

A

through the aortic semilunar valve and enters the ascending aorta

34
Q

blood flow

step 11

ASV—> AA

A

through the aortic semilunar valve and enters the ascending aorta

Anatomy (5 decks)

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