Heart Flashcards
where is the heart located?
located in the medistinum (between the lungs)
heart
what doees the apex do?
points downward and contracts the diaphgram
heart
what are the diffrent layers of the heart?
Epi, Myo, Endo
1) epicardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium
heart
epicardium
outermost, the viseral layer of the serous pericardium
heart
myocardium
middle layer, composed of cardiac muscle cells (very thick)
heart
endocardium
innermost layer, forms valves and is continous with the endothelium of the blood vessels that enter and leave the heart
heart
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```what is the pericardium composed of?
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
what are the two parts of the serous pericardium
1) parietal layer
2) viseral layer
heart
parietal layer
attached to the back of the fibrous pericardium
heart
viseral layer (epicardium)
attached to the heart muscles
pericardial cavity
fluid filled space that seperates the parietal and viseral layer
chamer and valves
how many chamber and vavles are there?
4 each; two lower and two upper
chmaber and valves
what are the 4 chambers?
A and V
2 upper: left and right atria
2 lower: left and right ventricle
chmaber and valves
what are the 4 vavles?
AV and SV
1) atrioventricular (AV Valves)
2) semilunar valves
right= tricuspid valve
left= bicuspid, mitral
chamber and valves
semilunar valves
found at the base of 2 large vessels leaving the heart= pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves
blood flow
how does the blood flow through the heart
RA, RV, PSV, PT, L+R PA,LU,PV, LA,BMV, LV,ASV, AA
1) R. atrium
2) R. AV valve
3) R ventricle
4) pulmonary semilunar valve
5) pulmonary trunk
6) L and R pulmonary artery
7) lungs
8) pulmonary veins
9) L atrium
10) bicuspid valve
11) L ventricle
12) aortic semilunar valve
13) ascending aorta
blood flow
step 1
RA + oxygenated or deoxygenated
right atrium: recieves deoxygenated blood from 3 vessels
1) superior vena cava
2) inferior vena cava
3) coronary sinus
blood flow
superior vena cava
blood above the heart
blood flow
inferior vena cava
blood from below the heart
blood flow
coronary sinus
blood from heart muscles
blood flow
step 2
R AV —> R V
blood flows through the right AV valve into the right ventricle
what prevents back flow?
chordae tendinae and papillary muscles to prevent back flow
blood flow
step 3
R V—-> PSV
the right ventricle contracts and blood exits through the pulmonary semilunar valve
blood flow
step 4
PSV—> PT
enters through the pulmonary semilunar vavle to the pulmonary trunk
blood flow
step 5
PT—-> L and R PA
pulmonary trunk divides into the L and R pulmonary artires
blood flow
step 6
L and R PA—> L
from the left and rigjt pulmonary artires the blood goes to the lungs
blood flow
what happens when the blood gets to the lungs?
oxygenated?
- CO2 is out and O is in
- deoxygenated blood is traded out
- oxygenated blood returns to the lungs
blood flow
step 7
L —> PV
oxygenated blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins
( 4 veins in total; 2 R and 2 L)
blood flow
step 8
PV–> LA
through the pulmonary veins to thr left atrium
blood flow
step 9
BV—> LV
then to the bicuspi valve to the left ventricle
blood flow
step 10
LV—> ASV
L vetricle contracts and blood exits through the aortic semilunar valves
blood flow
step 11
ASV—> AA
through the aortic semilunar valve and enters the ascending aorta
blood flow
step 11
ASV—> AA
through the aortic semilunar valve and enters the ascending aorta
