Heart Flashcards
Where does the ascending aorta lie? and what branches of it?
lies pericardium, and it branch the coronary arteries
Where can the oblique pericardial sinus?
found within the pericardium between left and right veins
What mediastinum does the heart lie?
middle mediastinum
What pericardial sinus is used in coronary artery bypass grafting?
Transverse pericardial sinus - found superiorly to left atrium, posterior to ascending aorta and plumonary trunk and anterior to SVC
What two parts of the right atrium is split by crista terminalis? and where is each part located to this?
- Sinus veneraum (located posterior)
- Atrium proper (located anterior)
What structures line the ventricles?
- Trabeculae carnae (help inflow).
Also have papillary muscles and chordae tendineae (but only seen in right ventricle)
What is an SA node?
- pacemaker cells
- action potential
- electrical impulse
- regulated by autonomic nervous system (sympathetic=increase HR and para= Decrease HR)
How much does the AV node delay impulses?
120ms
Where does the purkinje fibres send the signals to?
myocardium of the ventricles
What structure does the AV node lies next to?
coronary sinus
What are the layers of the heart (innermost to outermost) and what is within those layers?
- Endocardium (lined with simple squamous epithelial cells and regulated contraction)
- subendocardial layer (location of purkinje fibres and site of arrhythmias).
- Myocardium (cardiac muscle)
- Subepicardial layer
- Epicardium (visceral layer of pericardium and simple squamous epithelial cells)
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What are the layers of pericardium (outermost to innermost)?
Fibrous layer of the pericardium
P- Parietal layer of the serous pericardium
S- Serous fluid
V- Visceral layer of the serous pericardium
What nerve is response for the somatic innervation of the pericardium?
phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
What valves are known as atrioventricular valve?
Mitral and tricuspid
What valves at know as semi-lunar valves?
Aortic and pulmonary
