Hearing part 2 Flashcards
ITD (Interaural time differences)
the difference in time between sound arriving at one ear vs another
Azimuth
angle of the sound source on horizontal plane, relative to a point on a center of a head
ITD is localized in which brain region?
medial superior olive
ILD (interaural level difference)
the difference in intensity between a sound arriving at one ear vs another ear
ILD is localized in which brain region?
lateral superior olive
Cone of confusion
a region in position in space where all sound produce the same ITD and ILD
DTF ( Directional transfer fusion)
Mjera koja opisuje kako ušna školjka, ušni kanal, glava i torzo mijenjaju jačinu zvukova različitih frekvencija koji dolaze do svakog uha iz različitih smjerova u prostoru
Auditory distance perception simplest cue:
relative intensity of sound
Inverse square law
decrease in intensity is = to distance (m) squared (2)
Spectral composition of sounds
higher frequencies decrease in energy more than lower frequencises as sound waves travel from source to one ear
Timbre
two sounds with the same loudness and pitch are not the same (dissimilar)
Attack
part of a sound during when amplitude increases
Decay
part of the sound when amplitude decreases
Strategies to segregate sound sources
spatial seperation between sounds
separation based on sounds spectral and temporal abilities
Auditory stream segregation
perceptual organization of complex acoustic signal into separate auditory events -> each stream heard as a separate event
Grouping by timbre (po boji tona)
znači da se zvukovi povezuju prema njihovoj kvaliteti ili tonalnoj boji. Ako neki ton neočekivano mijenja visinu — ide gore ili dolje drugačije od ostalih — on se ističe i privlači pažnju.
Grouping by onset ( prema početku zvuka)
Grupiranje prema početku zvuka
→ kada zvukovi započinju u isto vrijeme ili skoro isto vrijeme, percipiraju se kao da dolaze iz istog izvora zvuka
→ to pomaže u grupiranju različitih harmonika u jedan složeni ton
→ u skladu je s Gestaltovim zakonom zajedničke sudbine
principle of good continuation
in spite of interruptions, one can still “hear” a sound
restoration of complex sounds
(e.g., music, speech)
Rekonstrukcija složenih zvukova (npr. glazba, govor)
→ slušatelji koriste “višerazinske” izvore informacija, a ne samo slušne podatke, kako bi nadoknadili nedostajuće dijelove
→ praznine u zvučnom signalu manje smetaju ako su ispunjene šumom nego tišinom
→ kada su praznine ispunjene šumom, slušatelji često ne mogu ni točno odrediti gdje su bile
