Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT > Hearing Loss and Audiologic Issues > Flashcards

Hearing Loss and Audiologic Issues Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of hearing loss?

A
  • sensorineural
  • conductive
  • mixed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • pathology arises from the cochlea or the nerves leading to or from the cochlea
  • most often (not always) permanent
A

sensorineural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are common causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • presbycusis
  • noise exposure
  • ototoxicity
  • sudden viral or vascular insults
  • virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • hearing losses arise from pathologies of the middle ear or external ear
  • more amenable to medical or surgical intervention
  • if no medical intervention, amplification is an option pending medical evaluation by ENT
  • audiometric results will show air-bone gap of 15 dB or greater
A

conductive hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

common causes of conductive hearing loss?

A
  • cerumen impaction
  • drainage in ear canal
  • otitis externa
  • otitis media
  • ossicular pathology (congenital, truama, otosclerosis)
  • cholesteatoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • both conductive and sensorineural comoponents
  • audiometric results will show air-bone gap of 15 dB or greater
A

mixed hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

causes of mixed hearing loss?

A
  • patients with presbycusis (age-related hearing loss)
  • children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and otitis media
  • patients with otosclerosis and noise exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two types of infant audiologic testing?

A

Auditory brainstem response testing (ABR)
Otoacoustic Emission testing (OAE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • click stimulus presented and evoked potential recorded
  • waveform generated from low brainstem
  • response compared to normative template in computer
  • pass/refer
  • if response present results r/o significant amount of hearing loss
A

ABR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Sound stimuli introduced in ear
  • response generated from cochlear outer hair cells
  • emissions recorded in external auditory canal
  • if response present results r/o significant amount of hearing loss
A

OAE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are method of testing pediatric hearing?

A
  • tympanometry
  • visual reinforcement audiometry
  • conditioned play audiometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • not a test of hearing
  • provided objective information about the integrity of the middle ear
  • probe assembly is place in the ear canal an air tight seal is obtained
  • pressure change is induced in the ear canal
A

Tympanometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

For Tympanometry- what does Type A represent?

A

Bell shaped curve= normal TM compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For Tympanometry- what does type B represent?

A

Flat tracing= no change with change in pressure
* middle ear fluid, effusion
* TM perforation or patent PE tube with large equivalent volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For Typanometry- what does type C represent?

A

Negative pressure= retracted TM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when to refer to an audiologist?

A
  • Hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • dizziness
  • plugged ear
  • children: speech/language delay

sudden sensorineural hearing loss- evaluate middle ear pathology first

17
Q
  • Tests you can perform to assess type of hearing loss
  • will not tell you the degree of hearing loss
A

Bedside tests
“Weber”

18
Q
  • Principle: sound will lateralize to the ear with the best cochlear function or the ear with the larges conductive component
  • tuning fork is placed on forehead or top of head
  • patient is asked to indicate the ear in which they perceive the sound
A

Weber

19
Q
  • hearing loss acquired as patient grows older
  • the loss is sensorineural in nature
  • hearing is typically symmetric between ears with high frequencies poorer than low frequencies
  • if tinnitus is present- bilateral
  • no surgical or medical treatment; hearing aid use is recommended if hearing loss is significant enough to interfere with communication
A

presbycusis

20
Q
  • hair cells in the cochlea are damaged due to exposure of excessive noise
  • sensorineural loss that arises as a result from chronic exposure to loud noises, and acoustic trauma from one single episode
  • no surgical or medical intervention available
  • tinnitus is frequently an assoicated symptom
A

Noise induced hearing loss

21
Q
  • fixation of the stapes footplate
  • hearing loss is conductive or mixed in nature

patients often present with:
* family hx of hearing loss
* hearing loss of gradual onset and progression (can be unilateral or bilateral)
* adult onset- more common in middle aged women
* can rapidly progress during pregnancy or after labor and delivery

A

otosclerosis

22
Q

diagnosis and treatment of otosclerosis?

A
  • ear exam is commonly within normal limits
  • diagnosis is made based on audiometric findings, patient hx, physical exam and imaging
  • sugical intervention= stapedectomy
  • non-medical intervention= hearing aid use
23
Q
  • Benign tumor that arises from the vestibular nerve
  • sx include: slowly progressing unilateral SNHL most common; progressive imbalance and or vague dizziness
  • also referred to as a vestibular schwannoma
  • tinnitus is common in the affected ear
  • vertigo is a rare complaint

Bilateral AN’s are seen in neurofibromatosis type II in all ages

A

Acoustic Neuroma

24
Q

diagnosis and treatment of acoustic neuroma?

A
  • Audiometry and MRI are the best diagnostic tools
  • treatment: surgical removal, radiatin, monitoring size via imaging, audiometric monitoring for progression of SNHL
25
Q
  • occurs with disruption of vascular supply to cochlea (stroke, surgery)
  • multiple other possible etiologies: Viral, MS, autoimmune
  • tinnitus is present with 70-85% of patients
  • diagnosis is made based on audiometric finding and ENT exam
A

Sudden Sensorineural hearing loss

26
Q

treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • some hearing loss will improve spontaneously
  • Rx with steroids and antiviral- initiated ASAP to increase the likelihood of recovery
  • important to be able to differentiate between cerumen impaction, middle ear pathology, and SNHL
27
Q
  • Disease is a result of a malfunction in the endolymph volume regulation mechanism in the inner ear(pressure increases)
  • cause is unknown

no known cure but medical therapy and surgical options are aimed at controlling the attack
* low-salt diet
* reduce caffeine, chocolate, alcohol, MSG
* medication
* endolymphatic sac depression
* labryinthectomy

A

Meniere’s disease

28
Q

Meniere’s disease has distinct episodes of?

A
  • Aural pressure or fullness in the affected ear
  • unilateral tinnitus in the affected ear, often described as roaring sound
  • prolonged rotational vertigo
  • low frequency fluctuating sensorinerual heaing loss
29
Q
  • sensorineural hearing loss secondoary to drug use
  • hearing loss is most often permanent
  • sensorinerual hearing loss can continue to progress even after drug has been stopped
  • hearing loss is usually bilateral and higher frequencies are poorer than low frequencies
  • tinnitus is a frequent side affect and may be present prior to change in hearing
A

ototoxicity

30
Q

which medications are ototoxic medications?

A
  • Aspirin in very high doses (SNHL can be reversible)
  • loop diuretics in very high doses (furosemide, lasix)
  • aminoglycosides- especially in IV form (gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycinm kanamycin)
  • chemotherapy drugs (carboplatin, cisplatin)
31
Q

when doing the weber test if the sound lateralizes to their good ear- what type of hearing loss is it?

A

asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss

32
Q

when doing the weber test if the sound lateralizes to their poorer ear- what type of hearing loss is it?

A

asymmetric conductive hearing loss

ENT (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions