Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENT-HNS > Hearing Loss > Flashcards

Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: The external ear has a passive role in the hearing process

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: The malleus, incus, and stapes act as acoustic resonators

A

F
The concha and EAC act as acoustic resonators to amplify sound at frequency levels of 2000 Hz to 4000 Hz (for EAC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the differences among peripheral auditory system, central vestibular system, and central auditory system?

A

Peripheral auditory: divided into 3 parts: external, middle, and inner ear that receives and processes air-pressure variations into neural signals

Central Auditory System- responsible for interpreting or recognizing the acoustic information brought by the neural signals

Central vestibular system- for balance and stability (spatial orientation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the main function of the middle ear?

A

Impedance Matching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain impedance matching

A

Impedance matching matches the low impedance airborne sounds from the EAC with the high impedance fluid of the inner ear (it equalizes it)

the middle ear boosts the pressure at the tympanic membrane by 200x as it reaches the inner ear through the ossicles, alllowing transmission of sound despite the air-fluid boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three ossicles?

A

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Impedance matching is composed of these 3 parts:

A
  • Area effect of the tympanic membrane: its area of 55mm^2 being bigger than the stapes footplate having 3.2mm^2 creates a 17:1 increase in sound energy
  • The size differences and lever action of the ossicles: Malleus being 1.3x longer than the incus gives off a 25db increase in sound (22:1 transformer ratio)
  • The oval window near the stapes being bigger than the round window in the inner ear also results in a 4db increase in sound frequency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the hearing process in the external ear

A

The pinna (auricle) funnels sound waves into the EAC, which transmits the sound into the tympanic membrane, resulting to its vibration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

explain the hearing process in the inner ear

A

The impedance matching in the middle ear results in amplified sound -> vibrates the fluid (endolymph and perilymph) and transmitted as pressure waves in the scala vestibuli -> moving to the roof of the scala media (Reissner’s membrane) -> down to the basilar membrane where hair cells are present (floor of scala media) -> pressure waves disspates in the round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Less displacement cause less sensory receptors and neurons being stimulated, leading to decreased sound intensity

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: Maximum deflection occurs at different sides along the membrane

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Highest sound frequency is found at?

A

The base

Lowest sound at the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nerve that connects the basilar membrane to the central auditory system

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F: Each area of the cortex represents a different part of the basilar membrane -> different pitch

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the central auditory system pathway?

A

COLIMA

Cochlear nucleus -> Superior Olivary Complex -> Lateral Lemniscus -> Inferior Colliculi -> Medial Geniculate Body -> Auditory Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T/F Nerve is not involved in retrocochlear hearing loss

A

F
Nerve is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F Hearing loss can both be conductive and sensorineural

A

T
it can occur otgether

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Interpretation of this WEBER TEST:

Sound is heard midway and equal on BOTH ears

A

NORMAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Interpretation of this WEBER TEST:

Lateralizes to affected ear

A

Patient hears better in the affected ear because ambient noise is reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the result on weber if interpretation is sensorineural?

A

Patient hears better on the better/normal ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

INTERPRET THIS RINNE TEST:

Sound is louder when lateral to EAC

A

RINNE POSITIVE, where air conduction is louder than bone conduction

Interpretation: Normal or sensorineural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

INTERPRET THIS RINNE TEST

Sound is louder when touching the mastoid

A

(-) Rinne
Bone conduction is louder than air conduction

INTERPRETATION: Conductive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: Rinne test is performed on the lateralized side on Weber test

A

T

but rinne test is also done (but in both sides) if weber test is midline

24
Q

Requires an active and
voluntary response

a. Behavioral Audiometry
b. Objective Audiometry

A

a. Behavioral Audiometry

25
Q

Tests the involuntary
physiologic response

a. Behavioral Audiometry
b. Objective Audiometry

A

b. Objective Audiometry

26
Q

Type of behavioral audiometry test for <6 mos

A

Behavioral Observation Audiometry
- eyes or startle reflex are checked

27
Q

Type of behavioral audiometry test for 6-24 months

A

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry
Head turning is checked

28
Q

Type of behavioral audiometry test for 2-4 yo

A

Play audiometry
set tasks

29
Q

3 main types of response in objective audiometry

A
  1. Immittance measurement
  2. Otoacoustic emissions
  3. Auditory evoked potentials
30
Q

T/F: Otoacoustic emissions of objective audiometry measure changes in acoustic impedance

A

F - immitance measurement
Has 2 main types: Stapedial reflex and Tympanometry

31
Q

T/F:↓ impedance = ↓ reflection, ↑ absorption/compliance

A

T

32
Q

What is the stapedial reflex?

A

It is when the stapedius muscles on both sides contract via the acousticofacial reflex arc despite sound being delivered only on one ear

33
Q

This threshold is the minimum sound pressure
level needed to produce a measurable change in tympanic
membrane impedance.

A

Stapedial Reflex

34
Q

Measure the tympanic membrane mobility or compliance
which is the stapedial response

A

Stapedial Reflex

35
Q

Tests middle ear function by transmission of sound energy
Evaluates eardrum compliance and eustachian tube function

A

Tympanometry

36
Q

T/F Tympanometry can evaluate eardrum compliance and detect fluids in the middle ear and perforations

A

T

37
Q

T/F Tympanometry evaluates hearing loss and can identify contributing factors

A

F
It does not evaluate hearing loss, but it can identify factors

38
Q

This objective audiometry is used to screen cochlear functions in newborns

A

Otoacoustic Emissions

39
Q

This Reflects functional integrity of the outer hair cells in the
inner ear

A

Otoacoustic Emissions

40
Q

This objective audiometry differentiates between cochlear and retrocochlear hearing loss

A

Auditory brainstem response

41
Q

T/F OAE is done as a confirmatory test after a questionable auditory brain response

A

F
Auditory brain response is done as confirmatory test after a questionable OAE

42
Q

T/F Auditory BRainstem response measures bioelectrical potentials from the cochlea, auditory nerve, and the CNS

A

T

43
Q

T/F Sensorineural hearing loss is associated with inner ear damage and possibly the cochlear nerve

A

T

44
Q

T/F Conductive hearing loss can be brought to a baby by a pregnant mother exposed to rubella

A

F : Sensorineural hearing loss

Other infections could be toxoplasmosis, congenital syphilis, CMV, HSV, meningitis, labyrinthis, otitis media, mumps
Drugs: Quinine, Alcohol, Thalidomide

45
Q

Noise level limit

A

85db

46
Q

How does medications cause ototoxicity?

A

Ototoxic medications can cause death of sensory hair cells

Symmetric effects

47
Q

T/F Cisplatin (chemotherapeutic agent) can cause ototoxicity

A

T: also furosemide, aminoglycosides, quinine, salicylates (Aspirin)

48
Q

T/F Tumors of internal auditory canal can cause retrocochlear hearing loss

A

T

49
Q

T/F Sensorineural loss is a problem in the central auditory system

A

T

50
Q

Which is incorrect?
a. Normal hearing ability - <25Hz
b. Moderate hearing loss - 55 Hz
c. Severe hearing loss - 75 Hz
d. Profound hearing loss - 85 Hz

A

D. Profound Hearing Loss

Normal hearing ability - <25Hz
Moderate hearing loss - 40-60 Hz
Severe hearing loss - 70-90 Hz
Profound hearing loss - 90-120 Hz

51
Q

Which hearing loss typically presents as muffled sensation and ringing in the ear?

A

Noise-induced hearing loss

52
Q

What tympanometry result will show if px has middle ear effusion?

A

Type B: Flat/very low, rounded peak

53
Q

What tympanometry result will show if px has impaired middle ear ventilation?

A

Type c: Peak is shifted to a negative pressure

54
Q

What tympanometry result will show if px has tympanosclerosis?

A

Type As: Shallow peak

Tympanic membrane has reduced compliance

55
Q

3 main types of objective audiometry

A

-Imittance Measurement (Stapedial Reflex, Tympanometry)

-Otoacoustic Emissions (screens cochlear fxns in newborns)

-Auditory Evoked Potentials (measures potentials from the cochlea, auditory nerve, CNS)

56
Q

Types of Sensorineural-cochlear hearing loss

A

Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Ototoxicity
Presbicusis

ENT-HNS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions