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Hearing Loss (Marshall) > Hearing Loss > Flashcards

Hearing Loss Flashcards

1
Q

Different categories of hearing loss

A
  • Conductive
  • Sensorineural
  • Mixed
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2
Q

The 2 tuning fork tests to help distinguish a conductive from a sensorineural hearing loss

A

Rinne & Weber

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3
Q

How is the Rinne test performed?

A
  • Strike prongs of fork & place it on mastoid process behind ear
  • Ask can they hear the fork
  • If vibrations are inaudible, suggests sensorineural hearing loss
  • If vibrations are audible, ask patient to let you know when they can no longer hear the sound
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4
Q

Which should be better - air conduction or bone conduction?

A

Air conduction

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5
Q

Frequency of tuning fork for Rinne & Weber tests

A

512 Hz

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6
Q

What is a Rinne positive result?

A

Normal - can still hear the sound when held near the ear

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7
Q

What is a Rinne negative result?

A

When they cannot hear the sound when held near the ear - suggests that air conduction is abnormal (conductive hearing loss?)

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8
Q

How is the Weber test performed?

A
  • Apply fork to hear in midline of forehead & ask where the sound is loudest - midline or one ear in particular
  • The tone is heard centrally with normal hearing
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9
Q

Patient complains of left-sided hearing loss & sound lateralises to left - what does this indicate?

A

Conductive hearing loss - sound being conducted through bones of skull to inner ear

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10
Q

Patient complains of left-sided hearing loss & sound lateralises to right - what does this indicate?

A

Left-sided sensorineural hearing loss - auditory nerve not conducting impulses regardless of where sound is coming from

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11
Q

Factors that impair hearing

A
  • Age
  • Noise-induced hearing loss
  • Trauma/injury to head or ear
  • Ototoxic drugs (e.g. gentamicin) & chemicals
    Genetic conditions e.g. Meniere’s disease, otosclerosis
  • Infections e.g. otitis externa (Swimmer’s ear), otitis media, mastoiditis
  • Autoimmune diseases e.g. MS
  • Obstruction e.g. wax, foreign body
  • Ear conditions e.g. acoustic neuroma, cholesteatoma, perforated eardrum
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12
Q

Different types of tests in an audiometry exam

A
  • Tuning fork tests (Rinne & Weber) - distinguish type of hearing loss
  • Pure tone testing (audiogram) - minimum volume required to hear each tone is graphed
  • Speech audiometry
  • Immittance audiometry - function of eardrum & flow of sound through middle ear
  • Tympanometry - vibration of eardrum & middle ear pressure
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13
Q

What does a steady line connecting threshold levels at top of audiogram indicate?

A

Normal hearing

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14
Q

What trend on an audiogram is common in age-related hearing loss?

A

A line that slopes downward for higher frequencies

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15
Q

Term for age-related hearing loss

A

Presbycusis

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16
Q

Characteristics of age-related hearing loss

A
  • Reduced hearing sensitivity & speech understanding in noisy environment
  • Slowed central processing of acoustic environments
  • High tone hearing loss
17
Q

Why does age-related hearing loss happen?

A

Could be genetic or due to changes in inner ear & cochlear nerve - gradual

18
Q

How does noise induce hearing loss?

A

With excessive shearing force of stereocilia, this can lead to cellular metabolic overload, cell damage & death of hair cells in Organ of Corti

19
Q

What is noise-induced hearing loss?

A

Sensorineural hearing impairment that begins at higher frequencies due to chronic exposure to excessive sound levels

20
Q

Psychological effects of hearing impairment

A

Anxiety, frustration, embarrassment, shame, sadness

21
Q

Psychosocial effects of hearing loss

A

Affects communication, occupation, social interactions, quality of life

22
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

The perception of sound that does not have an external source, so other people cannot hear it

23
Q

Some causes of tinnitus

A

ARHL, NIHL, build-up of earwax, otitis media, Meniere’s disease, certain medications, head or neck injuries, acoustic neuroma

24
Q

Treatment strategies for hearing impairment

A
  • Removal of earwax
  • Surgery
  • Hearing aids
  • Cochlear implant
25
Q

3 basic parts of a hearing aid

A

Microphone, amplifier, speaker

26
Q

Cochlear implants are designed to mimic…

A

the function of a healthy cochlea/inner ear by bypassing damaged portions of the ear & directly stimulating the cochlear nerve

27
Q

Recipients of the cochlear implant must have __

A

sensorineural hearing loss (generally severe)

Hearing Loss (Marshall) (3 decks)

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