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PHYSIOLOGY 1 > HEARING and EQUILIBRIUM > Flashcards

HEARING and EQUILIBRIUM Flashcards

1
Q

Not only detect sound

They also help to maintain balance

A

Ears

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2
Q

Receptors for two sensory modalities (hearing and equilibrium) are housed in

A

Ear

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3
Q

Involved in HEARING

A

External ear
Middle ear
Cochlea of the inner ear

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4
Q

Involved with EQUILIBRIUM

A

Semicircular canals
Utricle
Saccule of the inner ear

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5
Q

Specialized type of receptor

A

Hair cells

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6
Q

Six groups of hair cells in inner cells

A

1 in the UTRICLE
1 in the THREE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
1 in the SACCULE
1 in the COCHLEA

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7
Q

Receptors in the SEMICIRCULAR CANALS detect

A

Rotational acceleration

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8
Q

UTRICLE detects

A

HORIZONTAL acceleration

HuVs

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9
Q

SACCULE detects

A

Vertical acceleration

HuVs

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10
Q

Funnels sound waves to the EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

A

External ear

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11
Q

From the external auditory meatus, sound waves pass inward to the

A

Tympanic membrane (EARDRUM)

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12
Q

Air-filled cavity in the TEMPORAL BONE that opens via the EUSTACHIAN (AUDITORY) TUBE into the nasopharynx to the exterior

A

Middle ear

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13
Q

This tube is usually closed, but during swallowing, chewing, yawning it opens and keep the air pressure on two sides of eardrum equalized

A

Eustachian (auditory tube)

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14
Q

They are located in the middle ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Auditory ossicles

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15
Q

The handle of the MALLEUS

Attached to the back of tympanic membrane

A

Manubrium

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16
Q

Head of the manubrium is attached to the

A

Wall of MIDDLE EAR

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17
Q

SHORT PROCESSES of manubrium is attached to the _______ which then articulates with the HEAD of STAPES

A

Incus

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18
Q

It is named for resemblance to STIRRUP

Foot plate is attached by annular ligament to the walls of OVALS WINDOW

A

Stapes

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19
Q

Two skeletal muscles located in the middle ear

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

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20
Q

Pulls the manubrium of the malleus medially

Decreases the vibrations of the tympanic membrane

A

Tensor tympani

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21
Q

Pulls the footplate of the stapes out of the oval window

A

Stapedius

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22
Q

Made up of two parts

AKA labyrinth

A

Inner ear

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23
Q

Series of channels in the petrous portion of the TEMPORAL bone
Filled with perilymph

A

Bony labyrinth

24
Q

Fluid that is low concentration of potassium

Similar to plasma and CSF

A

Perilymph

25
Q

Inside bony channels that are surrounded by perilymph
More or less duplicates the shape of the bony channels
Filled with endolymph

A

Membranous labyrinth

26
Q

Fluid that is rich in potassium

A

Endolymph

27
Q

Three components of LABYRINTH/INNER EAR

A

Cochlea: for hearing
Semicircular canals: for head rotation
Otolith organs: responds to changes in gravity and head tilt

28
Q

Coiled tube
35 mm long
Makes two and three quarter turns

A

Cochlea

29
Q

Basilar and Reissner membranes are divided into three chambers or SCALAE
Contain perilymph

A

Upper scala VESTIBULI

Lower scala TYMPANI

30
Q

Upper and lower scalae communicate with each other at

A

Apex of the cochlea through HELICOTREMA (small opening)

31
Q

Scala vestibuli ends at

Closed by the footplate of the stapes

A

Oval window

32
Q

Scala tympani ends at

A foramen on the medial wall of the middle ear closed by SECONDARY TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

A

Round window

33
Q

Continuous with the membranous labyrinth

Does not communicate with the two scalae

A

Scala media/middle cochlear chamber

34
Q

Extends from the apex to the base of the cochlea
Spiral shape
Contains highly specialized auditory receptors (hair cells) whose processes pierce the RETICULAR LAMINA (tough, membrane-like)

A

Organ of Corti

35
Q

Support the reticular lamina

A

Pillar cells/rods of Corti

36
Q

Four row arrangement of the hair cells

A

THREE rows of OUTER HAIR CELLS: lateral to the tunnel formed by the rods of Corti
20,000
90-95% of the sensory neurons innervation

ONE row of INNER HAIR CELLS: medial to the tunnel
3500
5-10% of the sensory neurons innervation

37
Q

Thin, viscous, elastic that covers the rows of the hair cells
Tips of the hairs of the outer (not inner) are embedded

A

Tectorial membrane

38
Q

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that arborize around the bases of the hair cells are located in

A

Spiral ganglion (within modiolus)

39
Q

Bony core around which the cochlea is wound

A

Modiolus

40
Q

Most of the EFFERENT fibers in the auditory nerve terminate on

A

OUTER HAIR CELLS

41
Q

Formed from the innervation of hair cells in the axons of AFFERENT neurons

A

Auditory (cochlear) division of the 8th cranial nerve

42
Q

They prevent endolymph from reaching the bases of the cells in the cochlea

A

Tight junctions

43
Q

Permeable to perilymph in the scala tympani

A

Basilar membrane

44
Q

They are bathed in PERILYMPH

A

Organ of Corti

Bases of the hair cells

45
Q

Why the arrangement is similar for the hair cells in other parts of the inner ear?

A

Because of similar tight junctions

46
Q

Hair cells processes are bathed in

A

Endolymph

47
Q

Bases of the hair cells are bathed in

A

Perilymph

48
Q

Semicircular canals are ______ to each other in three planes of spce

A

Perpendicular

49
Q

Receptor structure that is located in the AMPULLA (expanded end) of each membranous canals
Consists of hair cells and sustentacular cells (supporting)

A

Crista ampullaris

50
Q

This is gelatinous portion that closses off ampulla

A

Cupula

51
Q

Bases of hair cells are in close contact with AFFERENT fibers of

A

Vestibular division of the 8th cranial nerve

52
Q

What are the otolith organs?

Where are they located

A

Saccule and Utricle

Near center of the membranous labyrinth

53
Q

They are sensory epithelium of otolith organs
Vertically oriented in SACCULE, Horizontally oriented in UTRICLE
Contain supporting and hair cells, surrounded by OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE

A

Maculae

54
Q

Otoliths are embedded crystals of

A

Calcium carbonate

55
Q

They are called OTOCONIA or EAR DUST

A

Otoliths

56
Q

Where do the processes of the hair cells embed?

A

Membrane

57
Q

Where do nerve fibers from the hair cells join those from the cristae?

A

Vestibular division of the 8th cranial nerve

PHYSIOLOGY 1 (1 decks)

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