hearing and balance system's anatomy Flashcards
which cranium bone is mostly imp for the audiology?
temporal bone
what are the composition of the temporal bone?
the squamous part
* the tympanic portion
* the petrous bone
* the mastoid process
which part of the temporal bone forms the temporal ring of the external auditory canal ear?
tympanic portion
which portion of the temporal bone has the sensory organs (balance and hearing systems) of the inner ear?
petrous portion
how many parts of the auditory system has?
1- external ear= pinna+ external canal
2- middle ear= tympanic membrane+ auditory ossicles
3- inner ear= Cochlea, vestibule,
utricle, saccule, and three
semicircular canals
The auricle (or pinna) helps to?
focus and localize sounds
what is concha?
the largest concavity
and also forms the entrance to the
external auditory meatus
how the external ear canal is divided?
divided into 3 parts
-The lateral one-third is cartilaginous = protection
-medial two-thirds are
bony.
the shape of the EEC is S
while the tympanic membrane is conical shape
true or false?
true
what are the most important parts to check if the tympanic membrane is healthy or not?
1- umbo
2- handle of malleolus
3-light reflex
what are the 3 bones of the middle ear?
1- malleolus
2- incus
3-stapes
what is the smallest bone in the human body?
stapes
how the 3 bones in the middle ear are suspended?
by ligaments and muscles in the air
which part of the stapes sits on of the opening to the sensory organ cochlea ?
footplate of the stapes sits on the oval window
what are the 2 muscles of the middle ear?
The tensor tympani
The stapedius muscle
tensor tympani muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?
5th , the trigaminal nerve
the stapedius muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?
7th, facial nerve
what is the function of the stapes muscle?
protection to the inner ear from the loud voices
in infants the EUSTACHIAN TUBE
is 45 angle however in adults it turns into more horizontally
true or false?
false, the opposite
The Eustachian (auditory) tube
provides what?
the aeration and drainage
of the middle ear system, and makes it
possible for air pressure to be the same
on both sides of the eardrum
which part of the inner ear is for the hearing system and the other is for the vestibular sensation?
▪Cochlea= hearing
▪Vestibule (Utricle, Saccule)= vestibular
▪Three semicircular canals= vestibular
the mechanical energy is converting into electrical energy through the inner ear specifically in inner hair cells
true or false?
true
the snail shape is 32mm long with 2.75
true or false?
true
Scale vestibule:
perilymph
▪Skala media: endolymph
▪Scale tympani:
perilymph
are the ?
three parts of the cochlea
where the organ of Corti is placed?
in the scale media
the basilar membrane separates what?
scale media from scale tympani
outer hair of the organ of corti are more?
spiral, longer, and leaner
the inner hair of the organ of Corti are more?
shorter and fattened
inner hair cells have the afferent job while the outer hair cells have the efferent job
true or or false?
true
what are the branches of the vestibular nerve?
vestibular and cochlear
what is the basilar tonotopic pattern?
The change in the hardness of the BM makes it easier to vibrate high frequency sounds at the baseline and low-frequency sounds at the apex
what is the order of central auditory pathway?
hair cells–cochlear nuclei–superior olivary complex-inferior calicos- medial geniculate nucleus-primary auditory cortex
lateral lemniscus is between?
superior auditory complex and inferior colliculus
