hearing and balance system's anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

which cranium bone is mostly imp for the audiology?

A

temporal bone

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2
Q

what are the composition of the temporal bone?

A

the squamous part
* the tympanic portion
* the petrous bone
* the mastoid process

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3
Q

which part of the temporal bone forms the temporal ring of the external auditory canal ear?

A

tympanic portion

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4
Q

which portion of the temporal bone has the sensory organs (balance and hearing systems) of the inner ear?

A

petrous portion

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5
Q

how many parts of the auditory system has?

A

1- external ear= pinna+ external canal

2- middle ear= tympanic membrane+ auditory ossicles

3- inner ear= Cochlea, vestibule,
utricle, saccule, and three
semicircular canals

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6
Q

The auricle (or pinna) helps to?

A

focus and localize sounds

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7
Q

what is concha?

A

the largest concavity
and also forms the entrance to the
external auditory meatus

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8
Q

how the external ear canal is divided?

A

divided into 3 parts
-The lateral one-third is cartilaginous = protection
-medial two-thirds are
bony.

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9
Q

the shape of the EEC is S
while the tympanic membrane is conical shape
true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

what are the most important parts to check if the tympanic membrane is healthy or not?

A

1- umbo
2- handle of malleolus
3-light reflex

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11
Q

what are the 3 bones of the middle ear?

A

1- malleolus
2- incus
3-stapes

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12
Q

what is the smallest bone in the human body?

A

stapes

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13
Q

how the 3 bones in the middle ear are suspended?

A

by ligaments and muscles in the air

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14
Q

which part of the stapes sits on of the opening to the sensory organ cochlea ?

A

footplate of the stapes sits on the oval window

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15
Q

what are the 2 muscles of the middle ear?

A

The tensor tympani
The stapedius muscle

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16
Q

tensor tympani muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

5th , the trigaminal nerve

17
Q

the stapedius muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

7th, facial nerve

18
Q

what is the function of the stapes muscle?

A

protection to the inner ear from the loud voices

19
Q

in infants the EUSTACHIAN TUBE
is 45 angle however in adults it turns into more horizontally
true or false?

A

false, the opposite

20
Q

The Eustachian (auditory) tube
provides what?

A

the aeration and drainage
of the middle ear system, and makes it
possible for air pressure to be the same
on both sides of the eardrum

21
Q

which part of the inner ear is for the hearing system and the other is for the vestibular sensation?

A

▪Cochlea= hearing

▪Vestibule (Utricle, Saccule)= vestibular
▪Three semicircular canals= vestibular

22
Q

the mechanical energy is converting into electrical energy through the inner ear specifically in inner hair cells
true or false?

23
Q

the snail shape is 32mm long with 2.75
true or false?

24
Q

Scale vestibule:
perilymph
▪Skala media: endolymph
▪Scale tympani:
perilymph
are the ?

A

three parts of the cochlea

25
where the organ of Corti is placed?
in the scale media
26
the basilar membrane separates what?
scale media from scale tympani
27
outer hair of the organ of corti are more?
spiral, longer, and leaner
28
the inner hair of the organ of Corti are more?
shorter and fattened
29
inner hair cells have the afferent job while the outer hair cells have the efferent job true or or false?
true
30
what are the branches of the vestibular nerve?
vestibular and cochlear
31
what is the basilar tonotopic pattern?
The change in the hardness of the BM makes it easier to vibrate high frequency sounds at the baseline and low-frequency sounds at the apex
32
what is the order of central auditory pathway?
hair cells--cochlear nuclei--superior olivary complex-inferior calicos- medial geniculate nucleus-primary auditory cortex
33
lateral lemniscus is between?
superior auditory complex and inferior colliculus