hearing and balance system's anatomy

Question 1

which cranium bone is mostly imp for the audiology?

Answer 1

temporal bone

Question 2

what are the composition of the temporal bone?

Answer 2

the squamous part
* the tympanic portion
* the petrous bone
* the mastoid process

Question 3

which part of the temporal bone forms the temporal ring of the external auditory canal ear?

Answer 3

tympanic portion

Question 4

which portion of the temporal bone has the sensory organs (balance and hearing systems) of the inner ear?

Answer 4

petrous portion

Question 5

how many parts of the auditory system has?

Answer 5

1- external ear= pinna+ external canal

2- middle ear= tympanic membrane+ auditory ossicles

3- inner ear= Cochlea, vestibule,
utricle, saccule, and three
semicircular canals

Question 6

The auricle (or pinna) helps to?

Answer 6

focus and localize sounds

Question 7

what is concha?

Answer 7

the largest concavity
and also forms the entrance to the
external auditory meatus

Question 8

how the external ear canal is divided?

Answer 8

divided into 3 parts
-The lateral one-third is cartilaginous = protection
-medial two-thirds are
bony.

Question 9

the shape of the EEC is S
while the tympanic membrane is conical shape
true or false?

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are the most important parts to check if the tympanic membrane is healthy or not?

Answer 10

1- umbo
2- handle of malleolus
3-light reflex

Question 11

what are the 3 bones of the middle ear?

Answer 11

1- malleolus
2- incus
3-stapes

Question 12

what is the smallest bone in the human body?

Answer 12

stapes

Question 13

how the 3 bones in the middle ear are suspended?

Answer 13

by ligaments and muscles in the air

Question 14

which part of the stapes sits on of the opening to the sensory organ cochlea ?

Answer 14

footplate of the stapes sits on the oval window

Question 15

what are the 2 muscles of the middle ear?

Answer 15

The tensor tympani
The stapedius muscle

Question 16

tensor tympani muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

Answer 16

5th , the trigaminal nerve

Question 17

the stapedius muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

Answer 17

7th, facial nerve

Question 18

what is the function of the stapes muscle?

Answer 18

protection to the inner ear from the loud voices

Question 19

in infants the EUSTACHIAN TUBE
is 45 angle however in adults it turns into more horizontally
true or false?

Answer 19

false, the opposite

Question 20

The Eustachian (auditory) tube
provides what?

Answer 20

the aeration and drainage
of the middle ear system, and makes it
possible for air pressure to be the same
on both sides of the eardrum

Question 21

which part of the inner ear is for the hearing system and the other is for the vestibular sensation?

Answer 21

▪Cochlea= hearing

▪Vestibule (Utricle, Saccule)= vestibular
▪Three semicircular canals= vestibular

Question 22

the mechanical energy is converting into electrical energy through the inner ear specifically in inner hair cells
true or false?

Answer 22

true

Question 23

the snail shape is 32mm long with 2.75
true or false?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Scale vestibule:
perilymph
▪Skala media: endolymph
▪Scale tympani:
perilymph
are the ?

Answer 24

three parts of the cochlea

Question 25

where the organ of Corti is placed?

Answer 25

in the scale media

Question 26

the basilar membrane separates what?

Answer 26

scale media from scale tympani

Question 27

outer hair of the organ of corti are more?

Answer 27

spiral, longer, and leaner

Question 28

the inner hair of the organ of Corti are more?

Answer 28

shorter and fattened

Question 29

inner hair cells have the afferent job while the outer hair cells have the efferent job
true or or false?

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what are the branches of the vestibular nerve?

Answer 30

vestibular and cochlear

Question 31

what is the basilar tonotopic pattern?

Answer 31

The change in the hardness of the BM makes it easier to vibrate high frequency sounds at the baseline and low-frequency sounds at the apex

Question 32

what is the order of central auditory pathway?

Answer 32

hair cells–cochlear nuclei–superior olivary complex-inferior calicos- medial geniculate nucleus-primary auditory cortex

Question 33

lateral lemniscus is between?

Answer 33

superior auditory complex and inferior colliculus