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Physiology Final > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

wavelength = ?

A

speed of sound / frequency

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2
Q

middle ear ossicles transmit __% of sound energy

A

60%

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3
Q

without ossicle, air in middle ear transmits __% of sound energy

A

2%

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4
Q

__dB sound induces contraction

A

60-80 dB

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5
Q

middle ear mm. has delay of?

A

50-100 ms

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6
Q

m. contraction reduces transmission of __ frequencies

A

low

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7
Q

membrane between scala vestibuli and scala media

A

reissner’s membrane

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8
Q

true sensory cells

A

inner hair cell (one row)

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9
Q

stimulation of inner hair cells alters?

A

rate of release of glutamate

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10
Q

type I spiral ganglion cells

A

one dendrite to inner hair cell

one axon to cochlear nucleus

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11
Q

basilar membrane

A

converts longitudinal sound waves into standing transversal waves

performs frequency analyses

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12
Q

tectorial membrane

A

gelatinous mass which guides hair cell movement in response to movement of basilar membrane

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13
Q

outer hair cells

A

three rows

amplifies swing of basilar membrane

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14
Q

deflection of inner hair bundle in stimulatory direction causes?

A

transduction channels open → depol. → VG Ca channels open → glutamate released

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15
Q

glutamate activates?

A

opens Ca channels in dendrite of auditory n. → depol.

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16
Q

deflection of outer hair bundle in stimulatory direction causes?

A

depol. → contraction of VG-motor molecule prestin → basilar membrane moves up

hyperpol → expansion of prestin → amplifies downward motion of basilar membrane

17
Q

stria vascular

A

secretes K into endolymph → generates potential of +80 mV

18
Q

innervation of sound

A
  1. spiral ganglion (wave 1)
  2. cochlear n. (wave 2)
  3. cochlear nucleus (wave 3)
  4. superior olive
  5. lateral lemniscus (wave 4)
  6. inferior colliclus
  7. medial geniculate of thalamus
  8. auditory cortex
19
Q

cochlear nucleus

A
  1. contrast enhancement
  2. noise suppression
  3. pattern recognition
20
Q

superior olive

A

comparison of both ears directional info

21
Q

inferior colliculus

A
  1. reflex station
  2. middle ear mm.
  3. comparison of both ears directional info

Physiology Final (2 decks)

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