hearing

Question 1

vestibular apparatus is for

Answer 1

balance

Question 2

cochlea is for

Answer 2

hearing

Question 3

hearing and balance depend on ___ bending of stereocila

Answer 3

mechanical

Question 4

properties of sound are

Answer 4

sound and pitch

Question 5

sound
1. ___ disturbances produced by a vibrating object
a. alternating areas of __ and ___ pressure

2. consists of many __ that pass a given point in a given time

Answer 5

1. pressure, high and low
2. waves

Question 6

pitch
1. perception of different ___
2. normal range =
3. higher frequency = __ pitch

Answer 6

1. frequencies
2. 20-20,000 hertz
3. higher

Question 7

3 parts of the ear involved with hearing

Answer 7

external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
eustachian tube

Question 8

function of the external acoustic meatus

Answer 8

collecting sound waves and conveying them to the eardrum

Question 9

function of the tympanic membrane

Answer 9

sound waves vibrate

the vibrations are transferred to the tiny bones in the middle ear

middle ear bones transfer vibrating signal to inner ear

BETWEEN OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR

Question 10

function of the eustachian tube

Answer 10

regulate and equalize the pressure of the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure

CONNECTS MIDDLE EAR TO NASOPHARYNX

Question 11

transmission of sound to the internal ear
1. sound entering (__ ear)
2. sound transmission (___ ear)
3. __ transmits sound through the __ window
4. sound waves pass through __ duct (moving ___)

Answer 11

1. outer
2. middle
3. stapes, oval
4. cochlear (sterocilia)

Question 12

what is the membranous labyrinth

Answer 12

groups of liquids that fill up the ducts and chambers which contain sensory receptors for the sensational balance and ability to hear

Question 13

function of the organ of corti

Answer 13

transduction of auditory signals

Question 14

what chamber is the organ of corti in

Answer 14

inner ear

Question 15

sound waves transmitted to the cochlear duct lead to bending of the ___

Answer 15

stereocilia

Question 16

stereocilia protrude into

Answer 16

endolymph

Question 17

the longest stereocilia are connected to the gel like

Answer 17

tectorial membrane

Question 18

bending towards the tallest stereocilia
1. ___ mechanically gated ion channels
2. activates __ and ___ current causing depolarization
- release of __

Answer 18

OPENS
potassium and calcium
glutamate

Question 19

bending in the opposite direction for stereocilia
1. __ mechanical gated ion channels
2. ___ inhibits release of glutamate

Answer 19

1. CLOSES
2. hyperpolarization

Question 20

fibers near oval window. short and stiff
resonate with ___ frequency waves

Answer 20

high

Question 21

fibers near apex. longer, more floppy
resonate with __ frequency waves

Answer 21

lower

Question 22

louder noise means greater ___ and stereocilia remain the activated position for a ___ period of time

Answer 22

amplitude
longer

Question 23

sensorineural deafness
1. damage to neural structures at any point from __ hair cells to __ cortex

2. typically from gradual ___ loss (loud noises, music)

Answer 23

cochlear hair cells and auditory cortex

hair cell

Question 24

tinnitus
1. __ in the ears

Answer 24

ringing

Question 25

conduction deafness
1. blocked sound conduction to fluids of __ ear
a. impacted ___
b. perforated ___
c. ostoclerosis of the ___
d. otitis media (___ ear infection)

Answer 25

1. inner
   a. earwax
   b. eardrum
   c. ossicles
   d. middle

Question 26

middle ear inflammation (otitis media)
1. most frequent cause of hearing loss in ___
- shorter, more horizontal ___ tube

2. treatment =

Answer 26

1. children
   - eustachian
2. antibiotics or tubes inserted through tympanic membrane