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Biology: 34 - The Senses > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organ of hearing?

A

The ear

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2
Q

What are the functions of the ear?

2

A

Hearing

Balance

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3
Q

Name the three sections of the ear.

A

The outer ear

The middle ear

The inner ear

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4
Q

What is the inner ear filled with?

A

A liquid called lymph

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5
Q

What is the outer and middle ear filled with?

A

Air

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6
Q

What part of the ear is filled with lymph?

A

The inner ear

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7
Q

What parts of the ear are filled with air?

A

The outer and middle ear

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8
Q

What causes sound?

A

Vibrations in the air

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9
Q

What is the pinna?

2

A

Part of the outer ear made mostly of cartilage

It helps to collect and channel vibrations into the auditory canal

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10
Q

What section of the ear is the pinna a part of?

A

The outer ear

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11
Q

What is the pinna mostly made of?

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

What is the function of the pinna?

A

It helps to collect and channel vibrations into the auditory canal

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13
Q

The pinna helps collect and channel vibrations into what part of the ear?

A

The auditory canal

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14
Q

What part of the ear helps to collect and channel vibrations into the auditory canal?

A

The pinna

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15
Q

What is the auditory canal?

2

A

The tube which carries vibrations to the eardrum

Secrets wax outside of the eardrum to trap dust particles and protect the ear

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16
Q

What does the auditory canal carry to the eardrum?

A

Vibrations

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17
Q

The auditory canal carries vibrations to what part of the ear?

A

The eardrum

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18
Q

What does the auditory canal secrete?

A

Wax

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19
Q

Where does the auditory canal secrete wax?

A

Outside the eardrum

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20
Q

What is the function of wax?

A

To trap dust and protect the ear

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21
Q

What is the eardrum?

A

A small, tightly stretched membrane which separates the outer ear form the middle ear and vibrates as a result of the vibrations that reach it.

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22
Q

Describe the eardrum.

A

A small, tightly stretched membrane

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23
Q

What is the function of the auditory canal?

2

A

Carries vibrations to the eardrum

Secretes wax

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24
Q

What is the function of the eardrum?

2

A

Separates the outer and middle ear

Vibrates when the vibrations reach it

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25
What happens when vibrations reach the eardrum?
The eardrum vibrates
26
What are the ossicles? | 3
Three tiny bones in the middle ear (hammer, anvil and stirrup) They transmit vibrations from the outer to the inner ear and amplify vibrations
27
Name the three ossicles.
Hammer Anvil Stirrup
28
Which ossicle is the smallest?
The strirrup
29
What is the function of the ossicles? | 2
They transmit vibrations from the outer to the inner ear They amplify vibrations
30
Write a note on the Eustachian tube. | 3
Not technically part of the ear It is a tube which runs form the middle ear to the the pharynx Equalises pressure on either side of the eardrum thus preventing damage to the eardrum caused by differences in pressure between the outer and inner ear.
31
What is the Eustachian tube?
It is a tube which runs form the middle ear to the the pharynx
32
Where does the Eustachian tube run to and from?
From the middle ear to the pharynx
33
What are the functions of the Eustachian tube | 2
Equalises pressure on either side of the eardrum This prevents damage to the eardrum caused by differences in pressure between the outer and inner ear.
34
What type of damage does the Eustachian tube prevent from happennening to the eardrum?
It prevents damage to the eardrum caused by differences in pressure between the outer and inner ear.
35
Write a note on the cochlea. | 3
A spiral tube which is 3.5cm long It is responsible for hearing This is because it converts pressure waves into electrical impulses which travel to the brain
36
What shape is the cochlea?
It is a spiral tube
37
How long is the cochlea?
3.5cm long
38
What are the functions of the cochlea? | 2
Responsible for hearing Converts pressure waves into electrical impulses
39
Why is the cochlea considered to be responsible for hearing?
This is because it converts pressure waves into electrical impulses which travel to the brain
40
Write a note on how the cochlea works. | 5 steps
Vibrations arrive at the cochlea from the stirrup which attaches to a membrane in the cochlea called the oval window Vibrations pass through oval window and form pressure waves in lymph in the cochlea Pressure waves stimulate receptors in the cochlea (hairs attached to 24,000 sensory cells located along the cochlea) Receptors cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain which travel along the cochlear nerve Pressure waves are allowed to dissipate out of the cochlea into the air of the middle ear by the round window
41
How do vibrations arrive at the cochlea?
Vibrations arrive at the cochlea from the stirrup which attaches to a membrane in the cochlea called the oval window
42
What is the stirrup attached to?
The oval window
43
What is the oval window?
A membrane in the cochlea which attaches to the stirrup
44
What is the function of the oval window? | 2
Vibrations pass from the stirrup to the attached oval window These vibrations then pass through the oval window and form pressure waves in lymph in the cochlea
45
Where are pressure waves formed?
In lymph
46
What happens after pressure waves have been formed in lymph?
These pressure waves stimulate receptors in the cochlea
47
What are the receptors in the cochlea? | 2
These are hairs that are attached to 24, 000 sensory cells located along the length of the cochlea These cells collectively form a structure called the Organ of Corti
48
What is the Organ of Corti?
The Organ of Corti is the name given to the collective 24,000 sensory cells located along the length of the cochlea
49
What are attached to the Organ of Corti?
Hairs
50
What are the functions of receptors (hairs attached to the Organ of Corti)?
Receptors cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain which travel along the cochlear nerve
51
What do the electrical impulses travel along?
The cochlear nerve
52
What happens after the electrical impulses have been sent to the brain?
Pressure waves are allowed to dissipate out of the cochlea into the air of the middle ear by the round window
53
What allows the pressure waves to dissipate out of the cochlea into the air of the middle ear?
The round window
54
Where is balance detected in the ear?
The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear
55
What does the vestibular apparatus mainly consist of?
Three semicircular canals
56
What is the vestibular apparatus filled with?
A liquid called lymph
57
What do the receptors of the vestibular apparatus detect? | 2
Whether the head is vertical or not Movement of the head
58
What is the function of the receptors in the vestibular apparatus?
They send impulses to the cerebellum of the brain through the vesitbular nerve
59
Through what does the vestibular apparatus send impulses to the cerebellum?
Through the vestibular nerves
60
Where does the vestibular apparatus send impulses to through the vestibular nerve?
The cerebellum of the brain

Biology: 34 - The Senses (7 decks)

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