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Biology: 34 - The Senses > Hearing > Flashcards

Hearing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the organ of hearing?

A

The ear

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2
Q

What are the functions of the ear?

2

A

Hearing

Balance

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3
Q

Name the three sections of the ear.

A

The outer ear

The middle ear

The inner ear

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4
Q

What is the inner ear filled with?

A

A liquid called lymph

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5
Q

What is the outer and middle ear filled with?

A

Air

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6
Q

What part of the ear is filled with lymph?

A

The inner ear

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7
Q

What parts of the ear are filled with air?

A

The outer and middle ear

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8
Q

What causes sound?

A

Vibrations in the air

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9
Q

What is the pinna?

2

A

Part of the outer ear made mostly of cartilage

It helps to collect and channel vibrations into the auditory canal

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10
Q

What section of the ear is the pinna a part of?

A

The outer ear

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11
Q

What is the pinna mostly made of?

A

Cartilage

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12
Q

What is the function of the pinna?

A

It helps to collect and channel vibrations into the auditory canal

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13
Q

The pinna helps collect and channel vibrations into what part of the ear?

A

The auditory canal

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14
Q

What part of the ear helps to collect and channel vibrations into the auditory canal?

A

The pinna

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15
Q

What is the auditory canal?

2

A

The tube which carries vibrations to the eardrum

Secrets wax outside of the eardrum to trap dust particles and protect the ear

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16
Q

What does the auditory canal carry to the eardrum?

A

Vibrations

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17
Q

The auditory canal carries vibrations to what part of the ear?

A

The eardrum

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18
Q

What does the auditory canal secrete?

A

Wax

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19
Q

Where does the auditory canal secrete wax?

A

Outside the eardrum

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20
Q

What is the function of wax?

A

To trap dust and protect the ear

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21
Q

What is the eardrum?

A

A small, tightly stretched membrane which separates the outer ear form the middle ear and vibrates as a result of the vibrations that reach it.

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22
Q

Describe the eardrum.

A

A small, tightly stretched membrane

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23
Q

What is the function of the auditory canal?

2

A

Carries vibrations to the eardrum

Secretes wax

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24
Q

What is the function of the eardrum?

2

A

Separates the outer and middle ear

Vibrates when the vibrations reach it

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25
Q

What happens when vibrations reach the eardrum?

A

The eardrum vibrates

26
Q

What are the ossicles?

3

A

Three tiny bones in the middle ear

(hammer, anvil and stirrup)

They transmit vibrations from the outer to the inner ear and amplify vibrations

27
Q

Name the three ossicles.

A

Hammer

Anvil

Stirrup

28
Q

Which ossicle is the smallest?

A

The strirrup

29
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

2

A

They transmit vibrations from the outer to the inner ear

They amplify vibrations

30
Q

Write a note on the Eustachian tube.

3

A

Not technically part of the ear

It is a tube which runs form the middle ear to the the pharynx

Equalises pressure on either side of the eardrum thus preventing damage to the eardrum caused by differences in pressure between the outer and inner ear.

31
Q

What is the Eustachian tube?

A

It is a tube which runs form the middle ear to the the pharynx

32
Q

Where does the Eustachian tube run to and from?

A

From the middle ear to the pharynx

33
Q

What are the functions of the Eustachian tube

2

A

Equalises pressure on either side of the eardrum

This prevents damage to the eardrum caused by differences in pressure between the outer and inner ear.

34
Q

What type of damage does the Eustachian tube prevent from happennening to the eardrum?

A

It prevents damage to the eardrum caused by differences in pressure between the outer and inner ear.

35
Q

Write a note on the cochlea.

3

A

A spiral tube which is 3.5cm long

It is responsible for hearing

This is because it converts pressure waves into electrical impulses which travel to the brain

36
Q

What shape is the cochlea?

A

It is a spiral tube

37
Q

How long is the cochlea?

A

3.5cm long

38
Q

What are the functions of the cochlea?

2

A

Responsible for hearing

Converts pressure waves into electrical impulses

39
Q

Why is the cochlea considered to be responsible for hearing?

A

This is because it converts pressure waves into electrical impulses which travel to the brain

40
Q

Write a note on how the cochlea works.

5 steps

A

Vibrations arrive at the cochlea from the stirrup which attaches to a membrane in the cochlea called the oval window

Vibrations pass through oval window and form pressure waves in lymph in the cochlea

Pressure waves stimulate receptors in the cochlea (hairs attached to 24,000 sensory cells located along the cochlea)

Receptors cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain which travel along the cochlear nerve

Pressure waves are allowed to dissipate out of the cochlea into the air of the middle ear by the round window

41
Q

How do vibrations arrive at the cochlea?

A

Vibrations arrive at the cochlea from the stirrup which attaches to a membrane in the cochlea called the oval window

42
Q

What is the stirrup attached to?

A

The oval window

43
Q

What is the oval window?

A

A membrane in the cochlea which attaches to the stirrup

44
Q

What is the function of the oval window?

2

A

Vibrations pass from the stirrup to the attached oval window

These vibrations then pass through the oval window and form pressure waves in lymph in the cochlea

45
Q

Where are pressure waves formed?

A

In lymph

46
Q

What happens after pressure waves have been formed in lymph?

A

These pressure waves stimulate receptors in the cochlea

47
Q

What are the receptors in the cochlea?

2

A

These are hairs that are attached to 24, 000 sensory cells located along the length of the cochlea

These cells collectively form a structure called the Organ of Corti

48
Q

What is the Organ of Corti?

A

The Organ of Corti is the name given to the collective 24,000 sensory cells located along the length of the cochlea

49
Q

What are attached to the Organ of Corti?

A

Hairs

50
Q

What are the functions of receptors (hairs attached to the Organ of Corti)?

A

Receptors cause electrical impulses to be sent to the brain which travel along the cochlear nerve

51
Q

What do the electrical impulses travel along?

A

The cochlear nerve

52
Q

What happens after the electrical impulses have been sent to the brain?

A

Pressure waves are allowed to dissipate out of the cochlea into the air of the middle ear by the round window

53
Q

What allows the pressure waves to dissipate out of the cochlea into the air of the middle ear?

A

The round window

54
Q

Where is balance detected in the ear?

A

The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

55
Q

What does the vestibular apparatus mainly consist of?

A

Three semicircular canals

56
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus filled with?

A

A liquid called lymph

57
Q

What do the receptors of the vestibular apparatus detect?

2

A

Whether the head is vertical or not

Movement of the head

58
Q

What is the function of the receptors in the vestibular apparatus?

A

They send impulses to the cerebellum of the brain through the vesitbular nerve

59
Q

Through what does the vestibular apparatus send impulses to the cerebellum?

A

Through the vestibular nerves

60
Q

Where does the vestibular apparatus send impulses to through the vestibular nerve?

A

The cerebellum of the brain

Biology: 34 - The Senses (7 decks)

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