Heaphy 1

Question 1

the oldest known fossils from Earth, bacteria date to

Answer 1

to ~3.5 billion years ago,

Question 2

Requirements For Life to Exist

Answer 2

Water
Water is essential to the chemistry of all biological systems.

It is the medium in which biochemical reactions take place in.

Question 3

where did chemicals of modern life come from?

Answer 3

Chemosynthesis
hydrocarbon chains formation from ammonia, water and hydrogen (the Miller - Urey experiment).
These complex molecules were formed in the air and accumulated in the oceans.

Question 4

Miller Urey experiment

Answer 4

Origin of bioorganic molecules on Eart

Question 5

chemical complexity to Life:

x4

Answer 5

• combine metabolism and respiration (oxidative phosphorylation) with genomes into cells.
  -biochemicals might form abiotically.
  -Compartmentalisation (cell formation)seems essential
  Lipid micelles (protocells?) spontaneously form in heatingdrying cycles
  -Redox couples to power metabolism widespread in environment- even proton gradient to power ATP synthesis e.g black and white smoker hydrothermal vents.

Question 6

What is LUCA

Answer 6

the last universal common ancestor

Question 7

5 Kingdoms:

Answer 7

plants, fungi, animals, single cell eukaryotes, and monera (prokaryotes)

Question 8

3 domains

Answer 8

Bacteria, the Archaea, the Eukaryotes

Question 9

Who proposed the idea of the 3 domains

Answer 9

1985 Carl Woese.Based on ribosomal RNA sequencing

Question 10

Who proposed the idea of the 5 kingdoms

Answer 10

1969 Whittaker 5-kingdom classification