Healthy Weight and Nutrition Flashcards
what are the qualifications for an adult to be considered obese?
BMI above 30, or about 30 pounds overweight for a 5’ 4” person
when does universal screening for BMI start?
age 2 (when it becomes reliable unit of measurment)
what is BMI categorization based on?
age and gender
what is the BMI of an adult who is severely overweight?
over 40
what is the cutoff for childhood BMI for obesity?
30
how many kids, age 2-19 are overweight? how many are obese?
overweight = 31.7% obese = 16.9%
since 1970, how has the number of obese kids 6-11 changed?
it has quadrupled
since 1970, how has the number of obese teens 12-19 change?
it has tripled
what are the racial groups that have the highest number of obese ppl?
black girls (24%) mexican boys (22%)
what age group of obesity is the most closely linked to more morbidity and mortality as they age?
adolescent
what is the cost of obesity?
~120 billion $
what are some genetic things that can cause obesity?
- family ties
- prader willi, down syndrome, turner syndrome
what are some hormonal conditions that can lead to obesity?
- hypothyroidism
- cushing syndrome
- GH deficiency
- danage to CNS
rare, autosomal recessive condition that includes inferrtility and T-cell defects and recurrent infections. has early onset morbid obesity and high fat mass
Leptin deficiency
what is more severe, Leptin deficiency or Leptin receptor deficiency?
receptor
what is the key determinant to childhood obesity
energy balance
what is the energy balance dependent on?
- parental BMI : SES and parental education
- built environment : urban sprawl, safety, grocery stores
- sedentary lifestyle : TV, video games, computer, texting
- energy dense nutrient poor foods
- poor distortion
- daily convieniences : snack food
- psychological issues : depression,
what is it called if you are in the 85 percentile for weight?
overweight
what is it called if you are in the 95 percetile for weight?
obese
what is it called if you are in the 99th percentile for weight?
severe/morbidly obese
is a sign of insulin resistance that has a velvety texture, has many false positives, and may fade with weight loss
acanthosis nigricans
is BMI or insulin a better was to screen for obesity?
BMI
is there a connection between a high glycemic index and dental disease?
yes, fermentable carbs, such as refined wheat flour, potatoes, rice, and pasta convert into simple sugars in the mouth. simple sugars are then converted to plaque
does the level of oral inflammation correlate directly with BMI?
yes
are there any gender differences for the chance of getting dental caries?
no
regarding stages of childhood obesity management, what is stage one?
primary care provider office
regarding stages of childhood obesity management, what is stage 2?
primary care office with allied health provider (dietician)
regarding stages of childhood obesity management, waht is stage 3/
intensive care with multidisciplinary team
regarding stages of childhood obesity management, what is stage 4?
bariatric surgery, very low caloric diets, meds
what are some recommendations to help an obese child with dental problems?
- encourage regular nutritious meals and avoid snacking
- use fluoride toothpaste if over 7
- dental sealants
- brushing 2X a day and flossing
- regular dental exams
what is the goal for selecting food choices?
no just to take it out, but give options for its replacement
what is the max a kid should watch TV
2 hours apparently
what are the benefits of adolescent bariatric surgery?
- lower operative costs
- earlier resolution of comorbidities
- lower achieveable weight loss
- earlier improvement in depression and quality of life measures
what are the weight loss surgery options?
- gastric bypass
- gastric sleeve
- adjustable gastric band
