healthy train adapt Flashcards
What is concentric hypertrophy of the heart?
Increased LV muscle mass
Myocytes added in parallel
What is eccentric hypertrophy of the heart?
increased LV chamber volume
sarcomeres added in series
What adaptations occurs after aerobic training which result in an increased SV?
increased contractile function
increased LV chamber volume
increased LV muscle mass
increased plasma volume
what is La Place’s Law?
Tension= (pressure X radius)/ wall thickness
Why is La Place’s law important?
because radius and thickness are proportional therefore tension remains the same= o2 demand doesn’t increase
What 2 factors are responsible for adaptations in the heart?
Mechanical and hormonal factors
What are the 4 hormonal factors that cause heart adaptations in healthy individuals?
Epinephrine
Renin- angiotensin- aldosterone
GH/GF
Thyroid
What type of heart hypertrophy does endurance exercise cause?
Eccentric
Define angiogenesis
increase in the number of capillaries
Why do healthy patients see an increase in heart contractility after aerobic training?
increased Ca2+ binding
increased Na/Ca2+ exchanger pumps
increased CA2+ stored in sarcoplasmic reticulum
increased Ca2+ sensitivity by ATPase expression
Why is an increased parasympathetic tone an important adaptation for cardiac patients?
slows HR therefore filling time increases
It also increases HR variability
How much does SV increase after aerobic training in cardiac patients?
0-18%
What are the heart adaptations to aerobic training in cardiac patients?
increased SV Increased parasympathetic tone decreased bloody viscosity increased coronary collaterals improved blood flow through existing vessels regression of stenosis decreased endothelial dysfunction decreased myocyte length decreased resting HR
How much does Vo2peak increase by in cardiac patients?
10-50%
mean =20%
What is RPP?
Rate Pressure Product
RPP= SBP x HR
Predicting max Hr for healthy male equation
208 - (0.7 X age)
B block patient HR max equation
203- (1.49 X age)
% HRR for MI
50-70%
Progressive overload for cardiac patients= how much, every how many weeks??
10% every 2 weeks
size of strength gain in cardiac patient?
20-30%
what does digoxin do?
slow signal through AV node
Affects of diuretics on HR, BP, ischaemia and exercise capacity
Decrease blood pressure
no effects on anything else
Affects of ACE inhibitors
decrease blood pressure
Affects of nitrate medication
increase HR, decrease bp, decrease ischaemia and increase exercise capacity
When should MI patients start rehab?
2-4 weeks later
